61 Questions
What is the main difference between endocrine and nervous effectors?
Endocrine effectors are target cells throughout the body, while nervous effectors are post synaptic cells only
Which of the following is NOT a type of non-steroid hormone?
Oestrogens
Which of the following is NOT a family of steroids?
Prostaglandins
Which of the following is a characteristic of protein hormone synthesis?
Protein hormones are initially synthesized as pre-prohormones
Which type of chemical messenger has high affinity but low efficacy?
Antagonists
Which type of signaling affects only cells of the same cell type as the emitting cell?
Autocrine
Which type of receptor is activated by either phosphorylation or GTP-binding?
Intracellular receptors
What is the main purpose of receptor downregulation?
To decrease receptor density in the membrane
Which of the following feedback loops occurs when a hormone secreted by the target organ feeds back directly to the Hypothalamus?
Long Loop
In which feedback loop does the secreted hormone feed back to the same tissue that secreted it?
Ultra-Short Loop
Which feedback loop occurs when the secreted hormone feeds back to the tissue that stimulated its secretion?
Short Loop
Which of the following is NOT a type of steroid hormone?
Progesterone
Which of the following is NOT a non-steroid hormone?
Adrenaline
Which of the following is NOT a type of endocrine gland?
Pancreas
Which of the following is an example of an agonist?
Chemical messengers with high affinity and high efficacy
Which of the following is NOT a classical endocrine gland?
Thymus
Which type of receptor is associated with enzymes inside the cell?
Enzyme-linked receptors
What is the main mechanism of receptor downregulation?
Internalising the receptor-ligand complex
Which type of feedback loop occurs when the hormone secreted by the target organ feeds back to the tissue that stimulated its secretion?
Short Loop
What is the main difference between the short loop and long loop feedback loops?
The length of the loop
Which level of feedback loop occurs when the secreted hormone feeds back to the same tissue that secreted it?
Ultra-Short Loop
Which of the following is NOT a steroidal hormone?
Histamine
Which of the following is a non-steroid hormone derived from tyrosine?
Thromboxanes
Which of the following is NOT a protein hormone?
Adenosine
Which level of feedback loop occurs when the hormone secreted by the target organ feeds back to the Hypothalamus?
Long Loop
Which level of feedback loop occurs when the secreted hormone feeds back to the tissue that stimulated its secretion?
Short Loop
Which level of feedback loop occurs when the secreted hormone feeds back to the same tissue that secreted it?
Ultra-Short Loop
Which type of receptor is activated by a flow of ions across the membrane?
Ion-Channel-Linked Receptor
What is the main difference between agonists and antagonists?
Agonists have high affinity and high efficacy, while antagonists have high affinity but low efficacy.
Which type of feedback loop occurs when the biological response causes a decreased hormone release?
Negative feedback loop
What is the main mechanism of receptor desensitisation?
A change in receptor structure decreases the responsiveness of the cell to that receptor's stimuli.
Which of the following is NOT a type of hormone?
Nucleotide
Which of the following is NOT a steroidal hormone?
Adrenaline
Which of the following hormones is derived from cholesterol?
Oestrogen
Which part of the brain is the Hypothalamus located in?
Diencephalon
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Hypothalamus?
Control muscle movement
Which part of the brain plays a role in pain perception?
Thalamus
Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the Anterior Pituitary?
ADH
Which type of receptor is activated by a flow of ions across the membrane?
Ion-Channel-Linked Receptors
What is the main difference between endocrine and nervous effectors?
Endocrine effectors are slower acting, while nervous effectors are faster acting.
What is the main difference between agonists and antagonists?
Agonists have high affinity and high efficacy, while antagonists have low affinity and low efficacy.
Which of the following is a characteristic of protein hormone synthesis?
Protein hormones regulate gene expression.
Which hormone stimulates adrenocortical cells in the Zona Fasciculata of the Adrenal Cortex to secrete Glucocorticoids?
ACTH
Which hormone stimulates cell metabolism, growth, and division throughout the body, and has anti-insulin-like effects?
GH
Which hormone is responsible for the development of sexual characteristics and gamete production?
FSH/LH
Which hormone targets breast tissue and stimulates the growth of glandular breast tissue during pregnancy, as well as breast milk production after birth?
PRL
Which of the following is NOT a type of non-steroid hormone?
Oestrogens
Which of the following is NOT a hormone derived from tyrosine?
Histamine
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating adrenocortical cells in the Zona Fasciculata of the Adrenal Cortex to secrete Glucocorticoids?
Cortisol
Which type of chemical messenger has the highest affinity and efficacy?
Agonists
Which type of receptor is activated by the binding of steroid hormones?
Intracellular Receptors
Which type of feedback loop occurs when the biological response causes a decreased hormone release?
Negative feedback
Which gland secretes hormones that stimulate other organs to secrete hormones?
Pituitary gland
Which hormone stimulates adrenocortical cells in the Zona Fasciculata of the Adrenal Cortex to secrete Glucocorticoids?
ACTH
Which hormone targets breast tissue and stimulates the growth of glandular breast tissue during pregnancy, as well as breast milk production after birth?
PRL
Which hormone is responsible for the development of sexual characteristics and gamete production?
FSH
Which hormone regulates blood pressure and blood volume, and increases water reabsorption in the Renal Collecting Ducts?
ADH
Which of the following is responsible for controlling body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and circadian cycles?
The Hypothalamus
Which of the following is NOT a hormone secreted by the Anterior Pituitary?
ADH
What is the embryonic origin of the Anterior Pituitary?
Oral-Ectoderm
Which part of the brain is responsible for synthesizing and secreting Oxytocin and ADH?
The Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei
Test your knowledge on the endocrine and nervous systems! Explore their overall functions, regulation of effectors to maintain homeostasis, control by regulatory feedback loops, and more. Learn about the different types of effectors and target cells involved in these systems. Take the quiz now!
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