Endocrine and Nervous Systems Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between endocrine and nervous effectors?

  • Endocrine effectors release their secretions into ducts, while nervous effectors release neurotransmitters across synapses
  • Endocrine effectors are regulated by regulatory feedback loops, while nervous effectors are not
  • Endocrine effectors are target cells throughout the body, while nervous effectors are post synaptic cells only (correct)
  • Endocrine effectors have slow and long-lasting regulatory effects, while nervous effectors have rapid and short-lived effects

Which of the following is NOT a type of non-steroid hormone?

  • Thromboxanes
  • Oestrogens (correct)
  • Catecholamines
  • Histamine

Which of the following is NOT a family of steroids?

  • Mineralocorticoids
  • Prostaglandins (correct)
  • Progestagens
  • Androgens

Which of the following is a characteristic of protein hormone synthesis?

<p>Protein hormones are initially synthesized as pre-prohormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical messenger has high affinity but low efficacy?

<p>Antagonists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of signaling affects only cells of the same cell type as the emitting cell?

<p>Autocrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is activated by either phosphorylation or GTP-binding?

<p>Intracellular receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of receptor downregulation?

<p>To decrease receptor density in the membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following feedback loops occurs when a hormone secreted by the target organ feeds back directly to the Hypothalamus?

<p>Long Loop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which feedback loop does the secreted hormone feed back to the same tissue that secreted it?

<p>Ultra-Short Loop (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feedback loop occurs when the secreted hormone feeds back to the tissue that stimulated its secretion?

<p>Short Loop (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of steroid hormone?

<p>Progesterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a non-steroid hormone?

<p>Adrenaline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of endocrine gland?

<p>Pancreas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an agonist?

<p>Chemical messengers with high affinity and high efficacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a classical endocrine gland?

<p>Thymus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is associated with enzymes inside the cell?

<p>Enzyme-linked receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of receptor downregulation?

<p>Internalising the receptor-ligand complex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback loop occurs when the hormone secreted by the target organ feeds back to the tissue that stimulated its secretion?

<p>Short Loop (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the short loop and long loop feedback loops?

<p>The length of the loop (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of feedback loop occurs when the secreted hormone feeds back to the same tissue that secreted it?

<p>Ultra-Short Loop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a steroidal hormone?

<p>Histamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-steroid hormone derived from tyrosine?

<p>Thromboxanes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a protein hormone?

<p>Adenosine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of feedback loop occurs when the hormone secreted by the target organ feeds back to the Hypothalamus?

<p>Long Loop (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of feedback loop occurs when the secreted hormone feeds back to the tissue that stimulated its secretion?

<p>Short Loop (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of feedback loop occurs when the secreted hormone feeds back to the same tissue that secreted it?

<p>Ultra-Short Loop (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is activated by a flow of ions across the membrane?

<p>Ion-Channel-Linked Receptor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between agonists and antagonists?

<p>Agonists have high affinity and high efficacy, while antagonists have high affinity but low efficacy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback loop occurs when the biological response causes a decreased hormone release?

<p>Negative feedback loop (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of receptor desensitisation?

<p>A change in receptor structure decreases the responsiveness of the cell to that receptor's stimuli. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of hormone?

<p>Nucleotide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a steroidal hormone?

<p>Adrenaline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is derived from cholesterol?

<p>Oestrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is the Hypothalamus located in?

<p>Diencephalon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Hypothalamus?

<p>Control muscle movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain plays a role in pain perception?

<p>Thalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the Anterior Pituitary?

<p>ADH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is activated by a flow of ions across the membrane?

<p>Ion-Channel-Linked Receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between endocrine and nervous effectors?

<p>Endocrine effectors are slower acting, while nervous effectors are faster acting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between agonists and antagonists?

<p>Agonists have high affinity and high efficacy, while antagonists have low affinity and low efficacy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of protein hormone synthesis?

<p>Protein hormones regulate gene expression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates adrenocortical cells in the Zona Fasciculata of the Adrenal Cortex to secrete Glucocorticoids?

<p>ACTH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates cell metabolism, growth, and division throughout the body, and has anti-insulin-like effects?

<p>GH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the development of sexual characteristics and gamete production?

<p>FSH/LH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone targets breast tissue and stimulates the growth of glandular breast tissue during pregnancy, as well as breast milk production after birth?

<p>PRL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of non-steroid hormone?

<p>Oestrogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a hormone derived from tyrosine?

<p>Histamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating adrenocortical cells in the Zona Fasciculata of the Adrenal Cortex to secrete Glucocorticoids?

<p>Cortisol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical messenger has the highest affinity and efficacy?

<p>Agonists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is activated by the binding of steroid hormones?

<p>Intracellular Receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback loop occurs when the biological response causes a decreased hormone release?

<p>Negative feedback (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland secretes hormones that stimulate other organs to secrete hormones?

<p>Pituitary gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates adrenocortical cells in the Zona Fasciculata of the Adrenal Cortex to secrete Glucocorticoids?

<p>ACTH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone targets breast tissue and stimulates the growth of glandular breast tissue during pregnancy, as well as breast milk production after birth?

<p>PRL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the development of sexual characteristics and gamete production?

<p>FSH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone regulates blood pressure and blood volume, and increases water reabsorption in the Renal Collecting Ducts?

<p>ADH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for controlling body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and circadian cycles?

<p>The Hypothalamus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a hormone secreted by the Anterior Pituitary?

<p>ADH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryonic origin of the Anterior Pituitary?

<p>Oral-Ectoderm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for synthesizing and secreting Oxytocin and ADH?

<p>The Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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