Endocrine System vs Nervous System Overview

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Which gland secretes calcitonin to decrease the amount of calcium in the blood stream?

Pancreas

Adrenal gland

Thymus gland (correct)

Parathyroid gland

What is the primary function of aldosterone released by the adrenal cortex?

Regulate electrolyte balance (correct)

Stimulate red blood cell production

Inhibit bone resorption

Promote glucose synthesis

Which hormone stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium and water, ultimately increasing and maintaining blood pressure and blood volume?

Cortisol

Angiotensin II (correct)

Epinephrine

Insulin

Where are pancreatic islets, also known as Islets of Langerhans, located?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the body?

Calcidol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of renin produced by the kidneys?

Constrict blood vessels to increase blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone released by the heart opposes the actions of angiotensin by decreasing blood volume and blood pressure?

Natriuretic peptides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucocorticoids secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Stimulate glucose metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for regulating iron levels in the body?

Hepcidin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting the release of pancreatic hormones through negative feedback?

Somatostatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Exocrine glands secrete substances through the skin, while endocrine glands secrete directly into the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the difference in reaction times between the nervous and endocrine systems?

The nervous system reacts quickly but for a short time, while the endocrine system reacts slower but for longer durations. Signup and view all the answers

How do glucagon and norepinephrine affect the liver?

Glucagon and norepinephrine have similar effects on the liver by triggering specific metabolic responses. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of hormones in the endocrine system?

Blood composition changes alert the endocrine system to release hormones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

Regulate water balance and thermoregulation. Signup and view all the answers

How do neurotransmitters such as dopamine function in both nervous and endocrine systems?

Dopamine can act as either a neurotransmitter or a hormone depending on the target. Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is known as the 'center of brain' and produces melatonin?

Pineal gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pituitary gland?

Stimulating growth and cell differentiation Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone inhibits the release of prolactin?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oxytocin in the body?

Promote milk ejection and emotional bonding Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the production of milk in females?

Prolactin Signup and view all the answers

Growth hormone primarily targets which areas of the body?

Cartilage, bone, muscle, and fat tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which gland secretes triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)?

Thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates a spike in growth hormone secretion leading to a growth spurt?

'Hunger hormone' Ghrelin release Signup and view all the answers

'Somatomedins' are produced in response to which hormone's action in the body?

Insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 in response to insulin release Signup and view all the answers

Which process does growth hormone primarily affect in lipid metabolism?

Breaks down fats into fatty acids for energy use Signup and view all the answers