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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a typical presentation of infective bacterial endocarditis?

Sudden, severe chest pain radiating to the arm
Painless skin rash on the trunk and extremities
Fever, chills, and malaise associated with a new heart murmur (correct)
Gradual onset of symptoms with no fever

A patient with a history of bacterial endocarditis is undergoing a dental procedure. Which antibiotic regimen is most appropriate for prophylaxis?

Azithromycin 500 mg IV immediately before the procedure.
Vancomycin 1 g IV after the procedure.
No antibiotic prophylaxis is needed for dental procedures in patients with a history of endocarditis.
Amoxicillin 2 g PO one hour before the procedure. (correct)

What physical exam finding is most indicative of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Presence of a macular rash on the lower extremity
Gradual onset of swelling, warmth, and redness in the lower extremity (correct)
Sudden onset of pallor and pulselessness in the affected limb
Painless swelling in the lower extremity

A patient with a DVT is being started on warfarin (Coumadin). What is the primary goal of warfarin therapy?

To prevent further clot formation and embolization (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Prolonged sitting or immobility (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of anticoagulation therapy for a patient with a first-time DVT?

3 months (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with syncope. Which of the following findings in their history would suggest a cardiac etiology?

Syncope associated with palpitations and chest pain (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cardiac arrhythmias is least likely to cause syncope?

First-degree AV block (A) Signup and view all the answers

What finding on a physical exam would suggest cardiac-related syncope?

Irregular heart rhythm (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient experiences syncope and is diagnosed with sick sinus syndrome. Which of the following best describes this condition?

The heart's natural pacemaker not creating a heart rate appropriate for the body's needs (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most indicative of a dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?

Sudden, severe, tearing pain in the abdomen or back (A) Signup and view all the answers

What finding on a physical exam is most suggestive of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?

Pulsatile abdominal mass (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor significantly increases the likelihood of developing an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?

Smoking (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with chest pain, shortness of breath, and diaphoresis. Which of the following historical factors would increase the suspicion for an acute myocardial infarction (MI)?

History of stable angina that has worsened in frequency and intensity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is more commonly associated with atypical presentation of myocardial infarction (MI) in women?

Epigastric pain or heartburn (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which ECG finding is the most specific for an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)?

ST-segment elevation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children?

Kawasaki disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

A child presents with a fever of 102°F for five days, a rash, and swollen red hands and feet. Which condition is most likely?

Kawasaki disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic sign or symptom of Kawasaki disease?

Strawberry tongue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment approach for Kawasaki disease?

Intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a history of Kawasaki disease is being followed up by a pediatric cardiologist. What potential long-term cardiovascular complication is of greatest concern?

Coronary artery aneurysms (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which pre-existing condition necessitates antibiotic prophylaxis before certain dental procedures to prevent endocarditis?

Prosthetic heart valve (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial diagnostic test for a suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Ultrasound of the extremity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is contraindicated for a patient experiencing a pulmonary embolism?

Oral Contraceptives (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a classic symptom of a pulmonary embolism?

Abrupt onset of chest pain (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Infective Endocarditis Presentation

Fever, chills, malaise, plus a new heart murmur.

Endocarditis Prophylaxis

Amoxicillin 2g orally one hour before the procedure.