Endearing Essence: B.A. Part II Fourth Semester

• This text is a compilation for English students
• The textbook prescribed: Endearing Essence (Macmillan)
• The material is intended for use by students only and not for commercial purposes
• The material is compiled from various teachers who are affiliated with RTM Nagpur University

Contributors and Editors

• Convenor: Dr. Urmila Dabir, Principal, Rajkumar Kewalramani Mahila Mahavidyalaya
• Editor: Dr Kapil Singhel, Department of English, Vasantrao Naik Government Institute of Arts and Social Sciences, Nagpur
• A team of eight contributors
• Also includes a foreword or disclaimer emphasizing that the writing style may vary between teachers.

Textbook Content B.A. Part II Fourth Semester

Unit I (Prose) includes:

• Three Great Hearts Resolve a Problem by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
• Arunima Sinha
• The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin
• Too Dear! by Leo Tolstoy

Unit II (Poetry) includes:

• Once Upon a Time by Gabriel Okara
• I am not that Woman by Kishwar Naheed
• The Butterfly by Arun Kolhatkar
• The Leaves and the Wind by George Cooper

Unit III features

• Dialogue Writing
• Skills Based on Text
• Dialogue writing includes examples like shopkeeper-customer and teacher-student scenarios.

Unit IV focuses on

• Voice
• Vocabulary Building linked to root words in the texts

Internal Assessment includes

• Oral Presentation Skills
• Oral Presentation Skill- introducing our self/Extempore/Elocution

Course Outcomes include

• Identifying limitations of materialistic life
• Learning from the achievements of significant figures
• Using language skills to advance careers
• Understanding gender sensitization
• Improving reading speed, presentation skills, and ethics

Question Paper Pattern and Workload

• Total Marks: 80
• Question No 1: Three short questions from prescribed lessons (15 marks) and five multiple-choice questions on Unit I Prose (5 marks)
• Question No 2: Three short questions from prescribed poems (15 marks) and five multiple-choice questions on Unit II Poetry (5 marks)
• Question No 3: Two questions, one each from Unit III A and B (10 marks each)
• Question No 4: Ten questions from prescribed language study exercises (20 marks)
• Workload: 4 lectures/week (48 mins each) and 1 tutorial/week for 20 students
• Schedule: Unit I (5 weeks), Unit II (2 weeks), Unit III (3 weeks), Unit IV (2 weeks), Internal Assessment (2 weeks), Revision/Test (1 week)

Contents - Breakdown of Prose Section

Three Great Hearts Resolve a Problem-A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

• Contributor: Dr. Renuka Roy
• Pages 6-9

She the First, Arunima Sinha-Shohini Bose

• Contributor: Dr. Ghizala Hashmi
• Pages 10-13

The Story of an Hour-Kate Chopin

• Contributor: Dr. Madhavi Moharil
• Pages 14-17

Too Dear!-Leo Tolstoy

• Contributor: Dr. Leena Phate
• Pages 18-23

Contents - Breakdown of Prose Section

Once Upon a Time - Gabriel Okara

• Contributor: Dr Archana Gupta
• Pages 24-27

I am Not That Woman-Kishwar Naheed

• Contributor: Dr. Rajshree Gajghate
• Pages 28-32

The Butterfly - Arun Kolhatkar

• Contributor: Dr. Shamshad Sheikh
• Pages 33-35

The Leaves and the Wind - George Cooper

• Contributor: Dr. Kanchan Joshi
• Pages 36-38

Three Great Hearts Resolve a Problem - Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Summary

• Extract from A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's Wings of Fire
• Illustrates unity triumphing over obstacles in Rameswaram
• Rameswaram: strong community, religious and communal harmony
• Three learned men (Hindu, Muslim, Christian): religious discussions, town happenings
• Addressed threats to peace, cleared miscommunications, dispelled rumours
• Childhood Rameswaram: small island, seaside, fishing, coconut farming, tourism to temples
• Multi-religious population lived peacefully
• Kalam's great-great-grandfather saved Ramanathaswamy Temple's idol and was given Mudal Marayadai
• Kalam's school Rameswaram Panchayat Primary School (1936-1944)
• New teacher tried student segregation based on ethnicity
• Three great hearts resolved matter, no segregation
• Religious intolerance was forbidden for youth

Questions and Answers

• "Three Great Hearts": learned men from Hindu, Muslim, Christian communities
• Ramanandan, a Hindu boy, was Kalam's friend
• New teacher tried to incite communal division
• Kalam's father and Lakshmana Sastry admonished teacher
• Rameswaram is a small island and houses temples
• People made a living through fishing, coconut farming, and tourism
• Multi-religious community lived harmoniously
• Outside divisions were uncommon
• Kalam's great-great-grandfather saved idol of Ramanathaswamy Temple at a festival
• As reward, the temple gave Mudal Marayadai as honor on festival days
• Kalam's father, head of Rameshwaram Mosque, Pakshi Laxman Shastry, head priest of Rameshwaram Temple
• They discussed religion, town events every Friday
• They spoke of topics affecting society, and soothed society
• Rameswarm Panchyat Primary School was near seashore
• Teachers fostered subject appreciation, cared for students
• Kalam's school was a happy place.
• Narrator's message
• Kalam shared school experiences and friendship with Ramanadhan
• Unique friendship: father, Imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, father Bodal
• Religious views were spiritual, and the peace and harmony was important

Multiple Choice

• Rameswaram was famous: the Ramanathaswamy Temple
• Vigraha was retrieved by narrator's great-great-grandfather
• Narrator's father ran ferry business
• Narrator's father was the head of a Rameswaram mosque
• Ramanathan shared bench with narrator
• Kudumi: Tuft of hair that can be seen at the back of the head of Hindu Priests
• Students were excited by having a new teacher because their town was smaller
• New teacher made them sit separately
• Three patriarchs of Rameswaram talked to the teacher
• Story teaches unity is strength

She the First, Arunima Sinha - Shohini Bose

Summary

• Article about Arunima Sinha, first woman amputee to scale Mt. Everest
• National-level volleyball player who wanted to join paramilitary forces
• Thrown off train for resisting robbers, lost her leg in 2011
• Decided to pursue dreams despite the injury
• Trained under Bachendri Pal, first Indian woman to scale Mt. Everest
• Scaled Mt. Everest in 2013, hoisting Indian flag
• Set five more mountaineering records, became symbol
• Runs non-profit school for underprivileged handicapped children, but no building, field, or court
• Needs 25 crores for full training project, remains steadfast

Questions and Answers

• Turning point: thrown off train resisting robbers in 2011
• Lost her left leg, and despite doubts, made decision to climb Everest
• Societal attitudes played role through negativity regarding disability
• People spread rumours
• Arunima persisted, inspiring others with grit and success
• Compensation awarded after intervention by Lucknow bench of Allahabad High Court,
• Centre offered compensation and job
• Private company provided prosthetic
• Arunima resolved to show her capability and defy limitations
• Sherpa Kancha helped with low oxygen on Everest
• Arunima planted Indian flag, idol of Vivekananda
• Sherpa found extra oxygen cylinder, averted possible death

World Records

• First woman amputee to scale Mt. Everest
• Scaled highest peaks of five other continents
• Wrote 'Born Again on The Mountain', awarded Padma Shri, Tenzing Norgay Award
• Honorary doctorate by University of Strathclyde in Glasgow
• Inspired disabled and others to achieve greatness

Family Support

• Ambedkarnagar native
• Brought up by mother, siblings, and Bhai Sahab
• Encouraged sporting interests, volleyball at National Level
• Her family's backing allowed her to achieve seemingly impossible feats

Giving Back to Society

• Dedicated to free sports academy for the poor and specially abled
• Donates financial aid from awards
• Supports with sports training

Multiple Choice

• Statement of response to tragedy: Fight for dreams despite injury

• Cause of injury: Thrown off train by robbers

• Police accusation: Lying about accident

• High Court: Pay compensation to Arunima

• Commencement of mountaineering: Trained under Bachendri Pal

• Major mountaineering challenge: Spinal cord injury

• Author's tone: Admiring

• Awards received: Padma Shri, Tenzing Norway Award, Honorary award

• Arunima inferred personality: Resilient and Determined

• Arunima's achievement: Result of her effort

The Story of an Hour - Kate Chopin

Summary

• Centers on Louise Mallard
• Explores themes of Self-identity and Independence
• Louise is mistakenly told of her husband Brently's death then finds out he is alive
• Josephine shares Brently Mallard's death
• Richards knew of the railroad disaster
• Louise mourns, seeks solitude
• Louise sees free nature, hints of a new life
• She enjoys free nature: blue sky, fluffy clouds, treetops.
• Realizes oppressive nature of all relationships including women
• Josephine begs Louise to come, worries about her health
• Louise wants to be alone
• Brently unexpectedly arrives
• He was unaware
• Louise dies from heart attack of happiness

Questions and Answers

• Mrs. Mallard reacted with grief
• She wept suddenly in sister's arms
• Storm had passed
• She stood standing at open window
• Spring life made itself visible.

Symbolism

• Open window: Freedom's open opportunity
• She sees nature which represents Joy, spring equals a new life
• Unobstructed future

Louise's Reaction

• Descends with sister
• Sees husband at front door - Mr. Mallard
• He carried umbrella still
• Joy overloads her as shock
• Doctors said Heart disease occurred
• In one hour, she recognizes the motions of grief however realizes death now brings freedom
• The writer presents the unexpected ending

Themes

• Self-identity and Freedom
• Louise hears from Josephine of Richards of Brently
• However hears of this grief and reacts
• Realizes she is now independent which brings excitement to senses
• Sees her life as hers
• Asks for the joy so to live it
• Then unexpectedly Brently returns
• Joy is taken away
• It is enough to kill joy
• This brings the themes of both liberty, emotion, love

Multiple Choice

• Her reaction was D. Weeps but becomes introspective after
• The reason for going D. Because she did both
• She saw nature, tops of trees
• C. This feeling tries to take her over into submission
• She felt D, fears abnormal feelings
• Josephine wanted to see A, to ensure she did not do harm
• Her character C. Calm and introspective
• The purpose D, means fulfillment

Too Dear! - Leo Tolstoy

Summary

• It parodies different governments
• States how they persecute people
• Leo mocks power in society itself
• Narrative opens with sarcasm of palace
• Small Kingdom exists
• Just like most actual Kings a "Kinglet" lives there
• The sources of revenue are people's taxes
• Also they make revenue from alcohol and tobacco
• King discovered casino
• The casino takes percentage of income
• Kinglet knows income is dirty business
• Collects Taxes as well
• The prince rules and mass wealth
• He reviews the actions of council and courts

Moral Dilemma

• On prince grounds there was a commit of murder
• Culprit went through process of Law
• This section includes a serious and intrigue turn
• Monaco lacked executioner
• Enquired for borrow
• Loan of Machine and support came out with costs
• This was to much on wretched act itself

Kings Decisions

• The forced people will riot this
• Results included requests
• Monarch wants better methods

Resolution

• Ultimately to switch the sentences
• This also set by prince
• A guard was also there
• Food given by kitchen also
• The king calls for Ministers to cut
• Measures took long
• He let the prisoner be
• The matter was discussed
• They determined prison could have a Pension
• They can pay if needed
• At end the prisoners has income
• They feel there is a lack of execution
• And therefore appreciate Monacon

"You cant earn stone palaces" Significant Statement

• Captures Ambiguity found
• Means not be won
• King incomes don't work

Questions in short

• Incident was what the process took away was so great
• Can not be done,
• There wasn't an enforcer to murder or kill culrpit
• But as it went on things didn't go any where

Quote Significance

• That only wrong act can be what makes such revenue from the government

Points

• Government fails and what comes of government
• Kings act of character

Could it be considered satire

• Yes so much so because of actions, practices

Once Upon a Time - Gabriel Okara

Summary

• It is a conversation where father shares life with kid
• The speaker is father, who tells son how people were
• It has Western world and the now, then the conversation takes effect

Key to the Poem

• That People simply use fake expressions to show pleasure for certain people

Characteristics of A Modern Man

• These ones are the ones from present: un emotion,
• It is all that has come of what can be the person can have now

What Does Speaker Want to Unlearn?

• To be real, to act like himself he used to,
• So has to know how to again laugh so the kid can see it.

Speaker

• He must not be afraid to get it, should be what now can he now
• They all get to go and then some do feel

Speaker

• The speaker states it isn't how they should show kids this way
• It brings out many problems

Once Upon a Time: Why It Is Appropriate

• How can this show all that the dad has too of given in too, and too the fact it takes in mind from what is to be

People laugh only now with teeth

• That Is to show is the way this effects laughter through out is it the B because now people can have to self conscious to show why can now too want

I Am Not That Woman by: Kishwar Naheed

Key

• Poem is against treatment and to advocate for woman
• Says it gives that woman lack and defense

Tone of Poem

• Stares how that the heart wants freedom
• So it's how the poet is, to look and be free also

Free as Breeze

• The poet is in that stone life and can have how is the message from the people

The Butterfly - Author: Arun Kolatkar

• This poem beautifully sketches how the butterfly has moved

Keys

Butterfly: Metaphor for life

• Fragile existence, limited existence to us

Themes

• Fragile state of exist

Come Little Leaves - George Cooper

• This is a short tale about leaves falling
• Tells personified states to it
• It speaks with change to world also

Keys

• Tells acceptance of season and too the world
• Also states what relationship there are that the leaves find