Enamel Hypomineralisation and Hypoplasia (from article)
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Enamel Hypomineralisation and Hypoplasia (from article)

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Questions and Answers

What primarily causes local hypomineralised defects in dental enamel?

  • Trauma or infection to the primary tooth (correct)
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Systemic health issues
  • Environmental factors

    • Which component makes up the majority of tooth enamel's volume?

  • Water
  • Calcium carbonate
  • Hydroxyapatite crystallites (correct)
  • Organic matrix

    • How does hypomineralisation present in dental enamel?

  • Increased thickness with full mineralisation
  • Increased opacity and structural weakening
  • Decreased translucency without structural change
  • Normal thickness but not fully mineralised (correct)

    • What can systemic or environmental attacks influence regarding enamel?

    <p>Quality and appearance of enamel during a specific time period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of enamel defects can patients with amelogenesis imperfecta present?

    <p>Either hypomineralised or hypoplastic defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What appearance is associated with enamel hypomineralisation due to fluorosis?

    <p>Diffused linear or patchy white opacities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of tooth enamel's weight is composed of mineral content?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of chronologically hypomineralised enamel?

    <p>Affected only during specific stages of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended measure to manage sensitivity in patients with hypomineralised and hypoplastic teeth?

    <p>Professional application of topical fluoride varnish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which restoration technique is suggested to minimize tooth structure removal?

    <p>Use of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of tooth restoration can influence bonding performance to hypomineralised enamel?

    <p>Application of 5% NaOCl for enamel deproteinisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when using crowns for treating hypomineralised and hypoplastic teeth?

    <p>Extent of sound enamel present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the role of using warm water during brushing for sensitive teeth?

    <p>It reduces trauma to sensitive areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of restoration can be used as an interim solution for younger patients with hypomineralised enamel?

    <p>Onlays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benefit is associated with the complete coverage of a post-minimal crown (PMC)?

    <p>Reduction of sensitivity and prevention of cusp fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the restoration of hypomineralised teeth, what is a key characteristic of the recommended treatment materials?

    <p>Minimal removal of tooth structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of hypoplasia compared to hypomineralisation?

    <p>Reduced amount of enamel is present in hypomineralisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is considered the least invasive for managing hypomineralised teeth?

    <p>Microabrasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of enamel is often associated with hypomineralisation?

    <p>Soft, porous enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might direct adhesion with composite resin be challenging in hypomineralised teeth?

    <p>Poor mineralization presents adhesion difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is specifically mentioned as a preferred choice for indirect restorations?

    <p>Gold/Nickel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of hypomineralised teeth regarding their shape and size?

    <p>They usually maintain normal shape and size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for managing hypomineralised teeth effectively?

    <p>To prevent frequent dental caries and breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of hypomineralisation, what characterizes the quality of enamel?

    <p>Frequently of poor quality and prone to issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of resin infiltration in dental treatment?

    <p>It creates a more aesthetic appearance by masking discolorations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should fluoride varnish be applied for prevention?

    <p>Every 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For patients aged 10 and older, which fluoride toothpaste is recommended?

    <p>2,800 ppm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is suggested for a minimally affected permanent molar?

    <p>Preventive measures like fluoride varnish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of fissure sealants in dental care?

    <p>To protect against decay in occlusal surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluoride treatment is appropriate for individuals aged 16 and older?

    <p>Duraphat® toothpaste (5,000 ppm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is used for teeth that are not restorable?

    <p>Planned extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tooth mousse in dental care?

    <p>To strengthen the enamel and provide fluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of fluoride treatments and fissure sealants?

    <p>Reducing tooth sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method is suggested to preserve tooth structure?

    <p>Minimally invasive treatment options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is referenced in the image description regarding pre- and post-treatment?

    <p>Molar incisor hypomineralisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of microabrasion in dental treatments?

    <p>To remove stains and improve cosmetic appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article discusses challenges for basic science research and clinical management of enamel and dentine defects?

    <p>Seow W K 2014</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as involved in the aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH)?

    <p>Fluoride exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do children reportedly view other children with visible enamel defects?

    <p>With prejudice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of minimally invasive treatments?

    <p>They avoid damaging healthy tooth structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Enamel Hypomineralisation and Hypoplasia

    • Enamel is the hardest tissue in the body due to its high mineral content, primarily hydroxyapatite
    • Enamel has a unique structure and composition that gives it its strength and resilience
    • Developmental defects of enamel can occur in both primary and permanent dentitions
    • Hypomineralisation is a reduction in the quality of enamel, meaning it is not fully mineralised but is of normal thickness.
    • Hypoplasia is a reduction in the amount of enamel, causing a thinner enamel layer
    • Chronological hypomineralisation occurs when systemic impacts during a specific period of enamel development affect the enamel’s mineralisation.
    • Examples of factors that can cause enamel hypomineralisation include:
      • Trauma
      • Infection
      • Radiation
      • Systemic diseases
      • Environmental factors
      • Fluorosis
      • Genetic factors
    • Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic condition that results in hypoplastic or hypomineralised enamel defects
    • Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is a specific type of enamel hypomineralisation that affects the first permanent molars and incisors, often caused by systemic or environmental factors
    • Fluorosis can cause generalised or localised hypomineralisation and presents as white, yellow, or brown opacities in the enamel.

    Clinical Consequences

    • Patients often complain of sensitivity with both hypomineralised and hypoplastic teeth.
    • Sensitive teeth can be managed with:
      • Warm water when brushing
      • Sensitive fluoride toothpaste
      • Topical fluoride varnish
      • Tooth Mousse
    • Hypomineralised teeth are more prone to:
      • Dental caries
      • Post-eruptive breakdown
      • Complex restorations
    • Bonding composite resins to hypomineralised enamel can be challenging due to the poor mineralisation.
    • Enamel deproteinisation with 5% NaOCl may enhance the bonding of resin dental adhesives to hypomineralised enamel.

    Treatment Options

    • Anterior Teeth:
      • Hypomineralisation:
        • Fluoride varnish
        • Fluoride toothpaste
        • Tooth Mousse
        • Vital bleaching
        • Composite restoration
        • Resin infiltration
        • Microabrasion
      • Hypoplasia:
        • Planned extraction
        • Composite restoration
    • Posterior Teeth:
      • Hypomineralisation:
        • Fluoride treatments
        • Fissure sealants
        • Composite restoration
        • Crown
        • Onlay
      • Hypoplasia:
        • Planned extraction
        • Composite restoration
        • Crown
        • Onlay

    Key Treatment Considerations

    • Consider the prognosis of the affected tooth.
    • Minimally invasive treatment options should be used to preserve tooth structure where possible..
    • If crowns or onlays are required, carefully assess sound enamel to optimize bonding.
    • Gold/nickel, chromium/cobalt, or chromium are preferred materials for onlays.
    • The size and shape of hypomineralised teeth often necessitates tooth preparation to create a normal emergence profile.

    Further Information

    • The information in the text highlights the importance of understanding the properties and characteristics of hypomineralised and hypoplastic teeth for improving restorative outcomes.
    • It is crucial to consider a range of treatment options to ensure long-term success and to minimize tooth loss.
    • Early intervention and preventive measures are essential for managing these challenges.

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    Related Documents

    Hypoplasia or Hypomineralisation Patel et al 2019 PDF

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