27 Questions
Which of the following is a type of amelogenesis imperfecta where the enamel is of normal thickness but has reduced hardness, changes in color, and a mottled appearance?
Hypomaturation AI
Which of the following genes are involved in half of the cases of amelogenesis imperfecta?
AMELX, ENAM, MMP-20
What is the prevalence of amelogenesis imperfecta in the population?
1.4:1,000 to 1:16,000 people
What is Turner's hypoplasia?
A type of enamel defect caused by local insults
What is molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)?
An idiopathic, multifactorial condition characterized by the hypermineralization or hypoplasia of the enamel structure of the first permanent molars and sometimes incisors
Which of the following is a type of amelogenesis imperfecta where the enamel has normal thickness, but mineralization is deficient, making it soft and easily removed during occlusion?
Hypocalcified AI
What is the differential diagnosis for MIH?
Mild dental fluorosis and other developmental anomalies of enamel
What is the mode of inheritance of amelogenesis imperfecta?
Autosomal recessive
What is the difference between hypoplastic AI and hypocalcified AI?
Quantity of enamel is deficient in hypocalcified AI
Which of the following is a type of amelogenesis imperfecta where the enamel is of normal thickness but has reduced hardness, changes in color, and a mottled appearance?
Hypomaturation AI
Which of the following genes are involved in half of the cases of amelogenesis imperfecta?
AMELX, ENAM, MMP-20
What is the prevalence of amelogenesis imperfecta in the population?
1.4:1,000 to 1:16,000 people
What is Turner's hypoplasia?
A type of enamel defect caused by local insults
What is molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)?
An idiopathic, multifactorial condition characterized by the hypermineralization or hypoplasia of the enamel structure of the first permanent molars and sometimes incisors
Which of the following is a type of amelogenesis imperfecta where the enamel has normal thickness, but mineralization is deficient, making it soft and easily removed during occlusion?
Hypocalcified AI
What is the differential diagnosis for MIH?
Mild dental fluorosis and other developmental anomalies of enamel
What is the mode of inheritance of amelogenesis imperfecta?
Autosomal recessive
What is the difference between hypoplastic AI and hypocalcified AI?
Quantity of enamel is deficient in hypocalcified AI
Which of the following is true about amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)?
AI can be classified based on the mode of inheritance
Which gene is not involved in half of the cases of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)?
AMEL
What is hypomaturation AI?
A type of AI where the enamel has normal thickness but reduced hardness
What is the cause of Turner's hypoplasia?
Local insult
What is molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)?
An idiopathic, multifactorial condition characterized by the hypermineralization or hypoplasia of the enamel structure of the first permanent molars and sometimes incisors
What are the symptoms of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)?
Discolouration, enamel breakdown, and hypersensitivity
What is the differential diagnosis for molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)?
Mild dental fluorosis
What is hypocalcified AI?
A type of AI where the enamel has normal thickness but mineralization is deficient
What is the prevalence of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)?
1.4:1,000 to 1:16,000 people
Study Notes
Developmental Defects of Enamel: Inherited and Acquired Conditions
- Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of inherited conditions that affect enamel formation, with prevalence ranging from 1.4:1,000 to 1:16,000 people.
- AI can be classified based on the type of enamel defect, mode of inheritance, phenotype, molecular defect, and biochemical result.
- Six genes, AMELX, ENAM, MMP-20, KLK4, DLX3, and AMBN, are involved in half of the AI cases, and the rest involve other genes.
- Hypoplastic AI is a type of AI where the quantity of enamel is deficient, but the hardness of enamel is normal, and there may be pitting or grooves on teeth.
- Hypomaturation AI is a type of AI where the enamel is of normal thickness but has reduced hardness, changes in color, and a mottled appearance.
- Hypocalcified AI is a type of AI where the enamel has normal thickness, but mineralization is deficient, making it soft and easily removed during occlusion.
- Enamel defects can also be seen in hereditary conditions associated with defects in epithelial tissues or mineralization pathways.
- Local insults, such as trauma or infection, can cause enamel defects like Turner's hypoplasia, which affects only one tooth and can cause periapical inflammatory disease.
- Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is an idiopathic, multifactorial condition characterized by the hypermineralization or hypoplasia of the enamel structure of the first permanent molars and sometimes incisors.
- MIH can cause discolouration, enamel breakdown, hypersensitivity, and low response to anaesthesia, and may require a complex treatment plan.
- The severity and location of enamel defects coincide with the timing and cause of the insult, which can be pre, peri, or post-natal, and can be metabolic disturbances, infections, chemicals, or drugs.
- Differential diagnoses for MIH include mild dental fluorosis and other developmental anomalies of enamel.
Test your knowledge on developmental defects of enamel, including inherited and acquired conditions. This quiz covers topics such as amelogenesis imperfecta, hypoplastic AI, hypomaturation AI, hypocalcified AI, and molar-incisor hypomineralization. Discover the genes involved in AI, the types of enamel defects, and how local insults can cause enamel defects. Learn about the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of MIH, and the differential diagnoses for this condition. Test yourself and enhance
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