M+S L10)EN1500 Lecture 10: Syntax 5 - Merge & Move, Modifier and Relative Clause

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What is the D Structure for the sentence 'Who should the director call?'

Who should the director call?
Who call the director?
The director should call who(m) (correct)
The director call who

What is the S Structure for the sentence 'Who should call the director?'

The director should call who(m)
Who should the director call?
Who should call the director? (correct)
The director call who

What is the D Structure for the sentence 'Which language does Michael teach?'

Michael teaches which language? (correct)
Which language does Michael teach?
Which language teach Michael
Michael teach which language

What is the difference between 'That guy should go' and 'Should that guy go?'

One is in D Structure and the other is in S Structure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'do' insertion in S Structure?

To form a question (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the transformation rule in syntax?

To derive the S Structure from the D Structure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the phrase 'very quickly' in sentence 1?) The efficient workers finished very quickly?

It acts as an adverb modifying the verb 'finished' (B) Signup and view all the answers

In sentence 2.) A very clever engineer designed this new car, what is the function of the phrase 'very clever'?

It serves as an adjective modifying the noun 'engineer' (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the grammatical function of the phrase 'suddenly' in sentence The large tiger suddenly leapt into the tree?

It is an adverb modifying the verb 'leapt' (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the phrase the girl who Jane befriended?

It is a complex sentence with a main clause and a relative clause (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the phrase the tree which the President stood under, what is the function of the phrase which the President stood under?

It is a relative clause describing the noun 'tree' (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the grammatical function of the phrase who Millie talked to in the sentence the girl who Millie talked to?

It is a relative clause describing the noun 'girl' (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the sentence 'The efficient workers finished very quickly', what is the function of the adverb 'very' in modifying the adverb 'quickly'?

To intensify the degree of 'quickly' Signup and view all the answers

What is the syntactic function of the relative clause 'who Millie talked to' in the sentence 'the girl who Millie talked to'?

It is a restrictive modifier providing additional information about the noun 'girl' Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between D-Structure and S-Structure in the context of Phrase Structure Grammar?

D-Structure represents the underlying syntactic structure, while S-Structure represents the surface-level syntactic structure Signup and view all the answers

In the sentence 'The large tiger suddenly leapt into the tree', what is the function of the adverb 'suddenly'?

To provide additional information about the manner of the action described by the verb 'leapt' Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the phrase 'which the President stood under' in the sentence 'the tree which the President stood under'?

To provide additional information about the noun 'tree' Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of transformation rules in Phrase Structure Grammar?

To transform the D-Structure into the S-Structure Signup and view all the answers

How do 'do' insertion and transformation rules contribute to the difference in meaning between sentences like 'Those birds sing' and 'Do those birds sing?'

The 'do' insertion rule and transformation rules are used to convert a declarative sentence into an interrogative sentence, changing the word order and adding the auxiliary verb 'do' to form a question. This changes the meaning of the sentence from a statement to a question. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of distinguishing between D-structure and S-structure in the analysis of sentences like 'Who should the director call?'?

Distinguishing between D-structure and S-structure allows for a clearer understanding of the underlying syntactic structure of a sentence, and how it is transformed into its surface form. This helps to reveal the relationships between elements in the sentence. Signup and view all the answers

How do modifier and relative clauses function in sentences, and what is their relationship to the main clause?

Modifier and relative clauses provide additional information about the noun or noun phrase they modify, and are subordinate to the main clause. They can appear in different positions within the sentence, affecting the sentence's meaning and structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Merge and Move operations in the syntactic analysis of sentences, and how do they relate to the concept of transformation?

Merge and Move operations are used to generate the syntactic structure of a sentence, with Merge combining elements to form a phrase, and Move rearranging elements to create the surface form of the sentence. Signup and view all the answers

How do the positions of wh-words and auxiliaries in sentences like 'Which language does Michael teach?' affect their syntactic analysis?

The placement of wh-words and auxiliaries in a sentence affects the syntactic analysis, as it reveals the underlying structure and relationships between elements in the sentence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding the surface and underlying structures of sentences in syntactic analysis, using examples like 'That guy should go' vs. 'Should that guy go?'?

Understanding the surface and underlying structures of sentences allows for a deeper analysis of sentence meaning and syntax, revealing the relationships between elements and the transformations that occur. Signup and view all the answers