Emulsion Separation in Oil and Gas Production
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the lime softener mentioned in the text?

  • To increase the hardness of the brackish water
  • To reduce the amount of dissolved silica in the boiler feedwater
  • To convert hardness to soluble compounds for boiler feed (correct)
  • To create potable water for agricultural use

    • What happens if the Steam to Oil Ratio (SOR) at a plant becomes too high?

  • The plant will produce more bitumen
  • The plant will use less natural gas
  • The plant will become more economical
  • The plant will discontinue operation (correct)

    • Why do SAGD and CSS facilities prefer using brackish water over fresh makeup water?

  • Brackish water has higher mineral content suitable for bitumen processing
  • Fresh water is not easily available in the region
  • Fresh water is unsuitable due to environmental regulations (correct)
  • Brackish water requires less treatment before use

    • What is the consequence of failing to comply with environmental restrictions as per the text?

    <p>Harsh penalties and potential shutdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceptable range of Steam to Oil Ratios (SOR) for SAGD and CSS facilities?

    <p>$1.0$ to $2.0$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of zero ppm hardness in boiler feedwater?

    <p>It ensures there won't be scale precipitation in the boilers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are effluent streams closely monitored by governmental regulatory bodies?

    <p>To ensure compliance with environmental emission standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of steam injected down-hole is usually recovered and reused by SAGD and CSS facilities?

    <p>$85%$ or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

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