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Questions and Answers
The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the:
The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the:
In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause:
In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause:
As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:
As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:
Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?
Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?
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Which of the following are central pulses?
Which of the following are central pulses?
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The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:
The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:
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Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space?
Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space?
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The axial skeleton is composed of the:
The axial skeleton is composed of the:
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The primary function of the right atrium is to:
The primary function of the right atrium is to:
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Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?
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The bones of the forearm are called the:
The bones of the forearm are called the:
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Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:
Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:
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The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:
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The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.
The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.
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The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:
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Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?
Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?
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The muscle tissue of the heart is called the:
The muscle tissue of the heart is called the:
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The diaphragm is unique because it:
The diaphragm is unique because it:
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The primary organ responsible for absorption of the products of digestion is the:
The primary organ responsible for absorption of the products of digestion is the:
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The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:
The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:
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Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:
Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:
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Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:
Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:
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The elbow is an example of a ______ joint:
The elbow is an example of a ______ joint:
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The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:
The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:
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The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:
The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:
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Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):
Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):
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Both areas of the pons are used to:
Both areas of the pons are used to:
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Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system? Select one:
Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system? Select one:
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The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the:
The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the:
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Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in:
Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in:
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The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:
The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:
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The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood is called the:
The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood is called the:
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Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing? Select one:
Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing? Select one:
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? Select one:
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? Select one:
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The central nervous system is composed of the:
The central nervous system is composed of the:
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Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:
Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:
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What is the function of the fallopian tubes? Select one:
What is the function of the fallopian tubes? Select one:
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Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:
Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:
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A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause? Select one:
A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause? Select one:
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Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle? Select one:
Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle? Select one:
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Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities? Select one:
Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities? Select one:
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Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system? Select one:
Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system? Select one:
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Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:
Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:
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The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:
The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:
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What happens when blood volume is lost from the body? Select one:
What happens when blood volume is lost from the body? Select one:
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Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:
Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:
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A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:
A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:
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Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen? Select one:
Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen? Select one:
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The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.
The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.
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If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:
If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:
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The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:
The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:
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The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.
The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.
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A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The '130' in this measurement represents:
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The '130' in this measurement represents:
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Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct? Select one:
Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct? Select one:
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The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.
The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.
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The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves.
The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves.
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The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae.
The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae.
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Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? Select one:
Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? Select one:
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A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in:
A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in:
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Skeletal muscle is also called:
Skeletal muscle is also called:
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The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:
The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:
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An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:
An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:
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White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by:
White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by:
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Which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings? Select one:
Which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings? Select one:
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The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they:
The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they:
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Abnormalities in metabolism are MOST likely to be caused by dysfunction of the:
Abnormalities in metabolism are MOST likely to be caused by dysfunction of the:
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Which of the following statements regarding the kidneys is correct? Select one:
Which of the following statements regarding the kidneys is correct? Select one:
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Which of the following conditions would affect the 'Q' portion of the V/Q ratio?
Which of the following conditions would affect the 'Q' portion of the V/Q ratio?
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Which three bones make up the shoulder girdle? Select one:
Which three bones make up the shoulder girdle? Select one:
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Which of the following arteries does NOT carry highly oxygenated blood? Select one:
Which of the following arteries does NOT carry highly oxygenated blood? Select one:
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the life cycle of sperm? Select one:
Which of the following is NOT a part of the life cycle of sperm? Select one:
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The _____ is connected to the intestine by the bile ducts.
The _____ is connected to the intestine by the bile ducts.
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The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the:
The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the:
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There are a total of __ lobes in the right and left lungs.
There are a total of __ lobes in the right and left lungs.
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The movement of air between the lungs and the environment is called:
The movement of air between the lungs and the environment is called:
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How many bones comprise the human skeleton?
How many bones comprise the human skeleton?
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What are the two main portions of the skeletal system?
What are the two main portions of the skeletal system?
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How many bones comprise the face?
How many bones comprise the face?
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The thoracic spine is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae.
The thoracic spine is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae.
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The lumbar spine is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae.
The lumbar spine is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae.
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The fused vertebrae that are inferior to the lumbar spine is the _____________.
The fused vertebrae that are inferior to the lumbar spine is the _____________.
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The sacrum is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae fused together.
The sacrum is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae fused together.
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The coccyx is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae fused together.
The coccyx is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae fused together.
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During shock states cells often receive less oxygen. This is referred to as:
During shock states cells often receive less oxygen. This is referred to as:
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The term 'pathophysiology' means what?
The term 'pathophysiology' means what?
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Cardiac output is composed of:
Cardiac output is composed of:
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Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:
Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:
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Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?
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The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the:
The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the:
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The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:
The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:
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The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her vascular system.
The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her vascular system.
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Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:
Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:
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The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called:
The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called:
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Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:
Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:
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The most superior section of the sternum is called the:
The most superior section of the sternum is called the:
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Contraction of the right ventricle causes:
Contraction of the right ventricle causes:
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During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume.
During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume.
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The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:
The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:
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The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:
The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:
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Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?
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Study Notes
Human Body Overview
- The brain's right side controls the left side of the body.
- Somatic nervous system regulates voluntary activities like walking and talking.
- Sympathetic nervous system key hormones include epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Joints and Bones
- Elbow is classified as a hinge joint.
- Dorsalis pedis artery is palpable on the foot's anterior surface.
- Scapula is a large triangular bone located in the posterior thoracic wall.
Respiratory System
- Breathing is stimulated by increased carbon dioxide levels decreasing pH in cerebrospinal fluid.
- Pons augment respirations during stress.
- Ventilation refers to air movement between the lungs and environment.
Nervous System
- Sensory nerves carry information from the body to the central nervous system.
- Central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
Circulatory System
- Sinoatrial node is the heart's natural pacemaker.
- Blood pressure measurement includes systolic (ventricular contraction) and diastolic phases.
- Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate.
Hormonal and Metabolic Functions
- The endocrine system releases hormones that regulate body functions.
- The kidneys eliminate waste and maintain fluid balance.
Lymphatic and Immune Systems
- Lymphatic system relies on muscle movement for circulation.
- White blood cells (leukocytes) protect against infection.
Skeletal Structure
- Human skeleton comprises 206 bones, split into axial and appendicular portions.
- Facial bones count to 14; the coccyx consists of 4 fused vertebrae.
Abdominal and Pelvic Anatomy
- Spleen lies in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
- The liver produces bile, stored in the gallbladder.
General Physiology
- Aerobic metabolism is efficient with adequate oxygen, producing ATP; anaerobic leads to lactic acid with limited oxygen.
- Hypoperfusion results from decreased oxygen delivery during shock states.
Additional Insights
- Epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea.
- Alveoli are the terminal ends of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs.
- The heart cannot tolerate long interruptions in oxygen supply, requiring continuous blood flow.
Important Terms and Measurements
- Diffusion allows gas exchange at the alveolar membrane.
- The average adult body contains approximately 6 liters of blood.
- A patient’s heart ejects 70 to 80 mL of blood per heartbeat (stroke volume).### Plasma and Blood Components
- Plasma is responsible for transporting blood cells and nutrients throughout the body.
- Approximately 55% of blood volume is plasma, not 45%.
- Plasma plays a crucial role in blood-clotting mechanisms, contrary to any claim suggesting otherwise.
Forearm Bones
- The forearm consists of two bones: the radius and ulna.
Filtration of Blood
- The spleen filters out worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria from circulation.
Respiratory System Mechanics
- During inhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract to expand the chest cavity.
Anatomy of the Spine
- The sacrum is the portion of the spinal column that connects to the iliac bones of the pelvis.
Heart Function and Blood Circulation
- The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.
Characteristics of Adequate Breathing
- Adequate breathing in adults is characterized by a respiratory rate of about 20 breaths per minute and bilateral chest movement, indicating normal lung function.
Cardiac Muscle
- The myocardium is the term for the muscle tissue of the heart, essential for its pumping action.
Diaphragm's Unique Functionality
- The diaphragm is a unique muscle because it functions as both a voluntary and involuntary muscle, controlling breathing without direct brain impulses.
Digestive System and Absorption
- The primary organ responsible for the absorption of digestion products is the small intestine, where most nutrient absorption occurs.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the human body's systems with this multiple-choice quiz based on EMT Chapter 6. Challenge yourself with questions about brain functions, nervous systems, and the body's control mechanisms. Perfect for EMT students honing their understanding of human anatomy.
