EMT Chapter 6: The Human Body Quiz

Questions and Answers

The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the:

Tunica media (correct)

Lumen

Tunica intima

Tunica adventitia

In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause:

Vascular constriction and tachycardia (correct)

Vascular dilation and tachycardia

Vascular constriction and bradycardia

Vascular dilation and bradycardia

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

Capillaries

Pleura

Bronchi

Alveoli (correct)

Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?

Five Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are central pulses?

Femoral and carotid Signup and view all the answers

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:

Acetabulum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

The axial skeleton is composed of the:

Skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column Signup and view all the answers

The primary function of the right atrium is to:

Receive blood from the vena cava Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?

Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients Signup and view all the answers

The bones of the forearm are called the:

Radius and ulna Signup and view all the answers

Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:

Spleen Signup and view all the answers

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:

Inhalation Signup and view all the answers

The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.

sacrum Signup and view all the answers

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:

Pulmonary veins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?

Respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement Signup and view all the answers

The muscle tissue of the heart is called the:

Myocardium Signup and view all the answers

The diaphragm is unique because it:

Is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle Signup and view all the answers

The primary organ responsible for absorption of the products of digestion is the:

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:

Right-side cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:

Somatic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

Epinephrine and norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

The elbow is an example of a ______ joint:

Hinge Signup and view all the answers

The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:

Dorsalis pedis Signup and view all the answers

The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:

Scapula Signup and view all the answers

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

Increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid Signup and view all the answers

Both areas of the pons are used to:

Augment respirations during emotional or physical stress Signup and view all the answers

Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system? Select one:

Sensory Signup and view all the answers

The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the:

Greater trochanter Signup and view all the answers

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in:

Constriction of the blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:

Sinoatrial node Signup and view all the answers

The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood is called the:

Hypoxic drive Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing? Select one:

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? Select one:

Metabolic coordination Signup and view all the answers

The central nervous system is composed of the:

Brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

Gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fallopian tubes? Select one:

To transport a mature egg to the uterus Signup and view all the answers

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:

The cells function with adequate oxygen Signup and view all the answers

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause? Select one:

Obstructive Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle? Select one:

Skeletal system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities? Select one:

Endocrine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system? Select one:

Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body Signup and view all the answers

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:

Ureters Signup and view all the answers

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:

Carbon dioxide and water Signup and view all the answers

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body? Select one:

The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

Disease Signup and view all the answers

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

Heat Signup and view all the answers

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen? Select one:

Spleen Signup and view all the answers

The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.

diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

Minute volume is decreased Signup and view all the answers

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

Foramen magnum Signup and view all the answers

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

orbit Signup and view all the answers

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The '130' in this measurement represents:

Ventricular contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct? Select one:

Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular oxygen is limited Signup and view all the answers

The air you breathe is _ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _ oxygen.

21% and 16% Signup and view all the answers

The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves.

midsagittal Signup and view all the answers

The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae.

seven Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? Select one:

Mastoid Signup and view all the answers

A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in:

calcium Signup and view all the answers

Skeletal muscle is also called:

voluntary muscle Signup and view all the answers

The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:

cricoid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:

Beta-1 receptors Signup and view all the answers

White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by:

Protecting the body from infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings? Select one:

Dermis Signup and view all the answers

The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they:

Are located behind the abdominal cavity Signup and view all the answers

Abnormalities in metabolism are MOST likely to be caused by dysfunction of the:

Thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the kidneys is correct? Select one:

The kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control the body's fluid balance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions would affect the 'Q' portion of the V/Q ratio?

Pulmonary embolism Signup and view all the answers

Which three bones make up the shoulder girdle? Select one:

Clavicle, scapula, humerus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries does NOT carry highly oxygenated blood? Select one:

Pulmonary Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the life cycle of sperm? Select one:

Deposited by the seminal vesicles Signup and view all the answers

The _____ is connected to the intestine by the bile ducts.

liver Signup and view all the answers

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the:

epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

There are a total of __ lobes in the right and left lungs.

5 Signup and view all the answers

The movement of air between the lungs and the environment is called:

ventilation Signup and view all the answers

How many bones comprise the human skeleton?

206 Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main portions of the skeletal system?

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton Signup and view all the answers

How many bones comprise the face?

14 Signup and view all the answers

The thoracic spine is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae.

12 Signup and view all the answers

The lumbar spine is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae.

5 Signup and view all the answers

The fused vertebrae that are inferior to the lumbar spine is the _____________.

sacrum Signup and view all the answers

The sacrum is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae fused together.

5 Signup and view all the answers

The coccyx is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae fused together.

4 Signup and view all the answers

During shock states cells often receive less oxygen. This is referred to as:

Hypoperfusion Signup and view all the answers

The term 'pathophysiology' means what?

Changes in normal physiology due to disease or injury Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac output is composed of:

Stroke volume and heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:

Stroke volume and heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?

Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted Signup and view all the answers

The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the:

Ilium, ischium, and pubis Signup and view all the answers

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:

Sinoatrial node Signup and view all the answers

The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her vascular system.

6 L Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called:

Phalanges Signup and view all the answers

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:

Patella Signup and view all the answers

The most superior section of the sternum is called the:

Manubrium Signup and view all the answers

Contraction of the right ventricle causes:

Blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation Signup and view all the answers

During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume.

70 to 80 mL Signup and view all the answers

The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:

Pancreatic juice Signup and view all the answers

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:

Aorta Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?

The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Human Body Overview

The brain's right side controls the left side of the body.
Somatic nervous system regulates voluntary activities like walking and talking.
Sympathetic nervous system key hormones include epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Joints and Bones

Elbow is classified as a hinge joint.
Dorsalis pedis artery is palpable on the foot's anterior surface.
Scapula is a large triangular bone located in the posterior thoracic wall.

Respiratory System

Breathing is stimulated by increased carbon dioxide levels decreasing pH in cerebrospinal fluid.
Pons augment respirations during stress.
Ventilation refers to air movement between the lungs and environment.

Nervous System

Sensory nerves carry information from the body to the central nervous system.
Central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Circulatory System

Sinoatrial node is the heart's natural pacemaker.
Blood pressure measurement includes systolic (ventricular contraction) and diastolic phases.
Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate.

Hormonal and Metabolic Functions

The endocrine system releases hormones that regulate body functions.
The kidneys eliminate waste and maintain fluid balance.

Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Lymphatic system relies on muscle movement for circulation.
White blood cells (leukocytes) protect against infection.

Skeletal Structure

Human skeleton comprises 206 bones, split into axial and appendicular portions.
Facial bones count to 14; the coccyx consists of 4 fused vertebrae.

Abdominal and Pelvic Anatomy

Spleen lies in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
The liver produces bile, stored in the gallbladder.

General Physiology

Aerobic metabolism is efficient with adequate oxygen, producing ATP; anaerobic leads to lactic acid with limited oxygen.
Hypoperfusion results from decreased oxygen delivery during shock states.

Additional Insights

Epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea.
Alveoli are the terminal ends of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs.
The heart cannot tolerate long interruptions in oxygen supply, requiring continuous blood flow.

Important Terms and Measurements

Diffusion allows gas exchange at the alveolar membrane.
The average adult body contains approximately 6 liters of blood.
A patient’s heart ejects 70 to 80 mL of blood per heartbeat (stroke volume).### Plasma and Blood Components
Plasma is responsible for transporting blood cells and nutrients throughout the body.
Approximately 55% of blood volume is plasma, not 45%.
Plasma plays a crucial role in blood-clotting mechanisms, contrary to any claim suggesting otherwise.

Forearm Bones

The forearm consists of two bones: the radius and ulna.

Filtration of Blood

The spleen filters out worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria from circulation.

Respiratory System Mechanics

During inhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract to expand the chest cavity.

Anatomy of the Spine

The sacrum is the portion of the spinal column that connects to the iliac bones of the pelvis.

Heart Function and Blood Circulation

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.

Characteristics of Adequate Breathing

Adequate breathing in adults is characterized by a respiratory rate of about 20 breaths per minute and bilateral chest movement, indicating normal lung function.

Cardiac Muscle

The myocardium is the term for the muscle tissue of the heart, essential for its pumping action.

Diaphragm's Unique Functionality

The diaphragm is a unique muscle because it functions as both a voluntary and involuntary muscle, controlling breathing without direct brain impulses.

Digestive System and Absorption

The primary organ responsible for the absorption of digestion products is the small intestine, where most nutrient absorption occurs.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the human body's systems with this multiple-choice quiz based on EMT Chapter 6. Challenge yourself with questions about brain functions, nervous systems, and the body's control mechanisms. Perfect for EMT students honing their understanding of human anatomy.

EMT Chapter 6: The Human Body Quiz

Questions and Answers

The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the:

In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause:

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?

Which of the following are central pulses?

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space?

The axial skeleton is composed of the:

The primary function of the right atrium is to:

Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?

The bones of the forearm are called the:

Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:

The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?

The muscle tissue of the heart is called the:

The diaphragm is unique because it:

The primary organ responsible for absorption of the products of digestion is the:

The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

The elbow is an example of a ______ joint:

The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:

The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

Both areas of the pons are used to:

Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system? Select one:

The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the:

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in:

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:

The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood is called the:

Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing? Select one:

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? Select one:

The central nervous system is composed of the:

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

What is the function of the fallopian tubes? Select one:

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause? Select one:

Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle? Select one:

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities? Select one:

Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system? Select one:

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body? Select one:

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen? Select one:

The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The '130' in this measurement represents:

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct? Select one:

The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.

The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves.

The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae.

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? Select one:

A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in:

Skeletal muscle is also called:

The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:

White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by:

Which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings? Select one:

The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they:

Abnormalities in metabolism are MOST likely to be caused by dysfunction of the:

Which of the following statements regarding the kidneys is correct? Select one:

Which of the following conditions would affect the 'Q' portion of the V/Q ratio?

Which three bones make up the shoulder girdle? Select one:

Which of the following arteries does NOT carry highly oxygenated blood? Select one:

Which of the following is NOT a part of the life cycle of sperm? Select one:

The _____ is connected to the intestine by the bile ducts.

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the:

There are a total of __ lobes in the right and left lungs.

The movement of air between the lungs and the environment is called:

How many bones comprise the human skeleton?

What are the two main portions of the skeletal system?

How many bones comprise the face?

The air you breathe is _ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _ oxygen.