EMT Chapter 6 Exam: Human Body

The Human Body: Key Concepts

• The electrical impulse of the heart starts at the sinoatrial node, known as the heart's natural pacemaker.

• Each pelvic bone integrates three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis.

• The cerebrum is the largest brain part, commonly referred to as "gray matter," responsible for higher brain functions.

• The humerus serves as the primary supporting bone of the arm.

• The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae, enabling movement and support for the neck.

• The connection between the brain and spinal cord occurs through the foramen magnum, a significant opening at the skull's base.

• The axial skeleton encompasses the skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column, forming the central structure of the body.

• Hemoglobin within erythrocytes (red blood cells) is crucial for oxygen transport in the bloodstream.

• The spleen is located in the lateral and posterior section of the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the abdomen, playing a role in blood filtration.

• The coccyx, commonly known as the tailbone, consists of the last four fused spinal vertebrae.

• The patella, or kneecap, is a specialized bone positioned anterior to the knee joint.

• The femoral head articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form a ball-and-socket joint.

• A patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, dead space volume of 150 mL, and respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min has a minute volume of 5,600 mL.

• The upper airway functions to warm and humidify inhaled air, crucial for respiratory health.

• The term inferior describes body parts situated closer to the feet in anatomical positioning.

• The pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart.

• The diaphragm functions as both a voluntary and involuntary muscle, essential for respiration.

• The liver occupies the entirety of the anteroposterior space in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen, performing vital metabolic functions.

• When documenting the position of an intoxicated individual lying face down, use the term prone.

• Activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels, impacting blood pressure.

• The radius and ulna constitute the bones of the forearm, allowing for a range of motion.

• The function of the fallopian tubes is to transport a mature egg from the ovary to the uterus for potential fertilization.

• The anatomical term posterior is synonymous with dorsal, indicating the back side of the body.

• The apex refers to the pointed inferior portion of the heart's left ventricle, where blood is pumped out to the body.

• The liver is considered unilateral relative to the kidneys, meaning it is positioned on one side of the body.