Questions and Answers
If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop:
Based on her medical history, which of the following should the EMT suspect?
You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:
What should you do for an unconscious patient who has been ill recently and has not eaten?
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A patient with an altered mental status, high blood glucose levels, and deep, rapid breathing may have a condition known as __________.
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A patient with hypoglycemia will often present with which of the following signs/symptoms?
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Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
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What does being treated with factor VIII indicate?
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Excessive eating caused by cellular 'hunger' is called:
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Type 2 diabetes is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level.
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Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
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Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin.
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Children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults.
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The main function of the endocrine system is to __________.
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The normal blood glucose level is between __________.
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The two main types of cells contained in blood are called __________.
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Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?
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Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?
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Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?
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What definitive treatment should you recognize for a patient with a blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL?
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Study Notes
Diabetic Emergencies and Complications
- A patient with a blood glucose level of 320 mg/dL and symptoms such as excessive urination and weakness may develop irreversible renal failure if untreated.
- Difficulty breathing in a 66-year-old woman with a history of diabetes could indicate pulmonary embolism, especially given her history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
- A 75-year-old male with chest pain and weakness should be treated as though experiencing a heart attack, particularly since he has type 1 diabetes and recently ate.
- An unconscious patient on diabetes medications who hasn’t eaten in 24 hours requires airway management and assessment of breathing.
Hypoglycemia and Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include altered mental status, high blood glucose levels, and deep, rapid breathing.
- A patient with hypoglycemia typically shows pale, cool, and clammy skin, along with cool, clammy skin, weakness, tachycardia, and rapid respirations as classic signs.
- Symptomatic hypoglycemia most likely develops from administering an excess of prescribed insulin.
Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Types
- Type 2 diabetes is primarily caused by cellular resistance to insulin, contrasting with type 1 diabetes which typically involves insulin deficiency.
- The body's ability to store excess glucose is less effective in children, necessitating assessment for hypoglycemia in severely ill or injured pediatric patients.
Endocrine System and Blood Glucose Levels
- The endocrine system's main function is maintaining homeostasis in the body.
- Normal blood glucose levels range from 80 to 120 mg/dL.
- The brain necessitates glucose for functioning, comparable to its need for oxygen.
Hemophilia and Sickle Cell Disease
- Treatment with factor VIII indicates hemophilia A in patients.
- In sickle cell disease, red blood cells are abnormally shaped, impairing their oxygen-carrying capacity.
Treatment and Patient Management
- When administering oral glucose, it is critical to check for the presence of a gag reflex to avoid complications.
- Definitive treatment for a patient with a blood sugar of 480 mg/dL who is semi-conscious involves administering insulin.
- Diabetic patients are at an increased risk of complications such as blindness due to the disease's effects on organ systems.
Blood Components
- Blood contains two main cell types: erythrocytes (red blood cells) and leukocytes (white blood cells).
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards from EMT Chapter 19, focusing on critical conditions related to diabetes and respiratory issues. Each flashcard presents a clinical scenario to enhance your understanding of emergency medical treatment and patient assessment.
