Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the localization of pain for appendicitis?
What is the localization of pain for appendicitis?
- Left lower quadrant (direct)
- Both A and C (correct)
- Around navel (referred)
- Right lower quadrant (direct)
What is the localization of pain for cholecystitis?
What is the localization of pain for cholecystitis?
- Left upper quadrant (direct)
- Both A and C (correct)
- Right shoulder (referred)
- Right upper quadrant (direct)
What is the localization of pain for diverticulitis?
What is the localization of pain for diverticulitis?
- Lower midabdomen
- Right lower quadrant
- Right upper quadrant
- Left lower quadrant (correct)
What is the localization of pain for pancreatitis?
What is the localization of pain for pancreatitis?
Chronic use of NSAIDs is a major cause of peptic ulcers.
Chronic use of NSAIDs is a major cause of peptic ulcers.
Most peptic ulcers are the result of colonization of the stomach by which bacteria?
Most peptic ulcers are the result of colonization of the stomach by which bacteria?
At what age is PUD typically seen?
At what age is PUD typically seen?
Patients with _______ ______ experience a classic sequence of burning or gnawing pain in the stomach that subsides after eating.
Patients with _______ ______ experience a classic sequence of burning or gnawing pain in the stomach that subsides after eating.
What are common symptoms of PUD?
What are common symptoms of PUD?
If the erosion is severe in PUD, gastric bleeding can occur, resulting in _________ (vomiting blood), and _________ (black, tarry stools).
If the erosion is severe in PUD, gastric bleeding can occur, resulting in _________ (vomiting blood), and _________ (black, tarry stools).
Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:
Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:
Which of the following may help reduce your patient's nausea?
Which of the following may help reduce your patient's nausea?
A 59-year-old male presents with sudden-onset severe lower back pain. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:
A 59-year-old male presents with sudden-onset severe lower back pain. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:
Your patient complains of abdominal pain that occurs mostly at night or after eating fatty foods. You should suspect __________.
Your patient complains of abdominal pain that occurs mostly at night or after eating fatty foods. You should suspect __________.
Peritonitis may result in shock because:
Peritonitis may result in shock because:
Urinary tract infections are more common in __________.
Urinary tract infections are more common in __________.
Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?
Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?
An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:
An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:
Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?
For a patient with a gastrointestinal complaint, it is MOST important for the EMT to _______.
For a patient with a gastrointestinal complaint, it is MOST important for the EMT to _______.
Which of the following helps filter the blood and has no digestive function?
Which of the following helps filter the blood and has no digestive function?
Your patient complains of chronic 'burning' stomach pain that improves after eating. You should suspect:
Your patient complains of chronic 'burning' stomach pain that improves after eating. You should suspect:
Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?
A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Your MOST immediate action should be to:
A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Your MOST immediate action should be to:
Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called:
Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called:
A 29-year-old pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the last 2 days. Today, she is vomiting large amounts of blood. The EMT should suspect:
A 29-year-old pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the last 2 days. Today, she is vomiting large amounts of blood. The EMT should suspect:
A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain?
A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain?
Which of the following is correct about the secondary assessment for a high-priority patient?
Which of the following is correct about the secondary assessment for a high-priority patient?
A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:
A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:
When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should:
When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should:
As an EMT you need to determine the exact cause of acute abdominal pain.
As an EMT you need to determine the exact cause of acute abdominal pain.
The _____ _______ contains solid and hollow organs that make up the gastrointestinal, genital, and urinary system.
The _____ _______ contains solid and hollow organs that make up the gastrointestinal, genital, and urinary system.
Solid organs include:
Solid organs include:
Retroperitoneal organs are located:
Retroperitoneal organs are located:
Because retroperitoneal organs lie next to the peritoneum, they can cause abdominal pain.
Because retroperitoneal organs lie next to the peritoneum, they can cause abdominal pain.
An injury to a solid organ can cause _____ and bleeding because of the amount of blood vessels that the organ contains.
An injury to a solid organ can cause _____ and bleeding because of the amount of blood vessels that the organ contains.
Hollow organs include:
Hollow organs include:
If there is a perforation in a hollow organ what will happen?
If there is a perforation in a hollow organ what will happen?
The GI (gastrointestinal) system is responsible for what?
The GI (gastrointestinal) system is responsible for what?
Digestion starts when?
Digestion starts when?
What breaks down food in the mouth?
What breaks down food in the mouth?
Food travels down the ______ to the stomach.
Food travels down the ______ to the stomach.
The _______ is the main organ of the digestive system.
The _______ is the main organ of the digestive system.
Most digestion takes place in the __________, where gastric juices break down food to a form that can be used by the body.
Most digestion takes place in the __________, where gastric juices break down food to a form that can be used by the body.
What organ assists in digestion by secreting bile, which aids in the digestion of fats?
What organ assists in digestion by secreting bile, which aids in the digestion of fats?
Along with secreting bile to break down fats, what other functions of the liver are there?
Along with secreting bile to break down fats, what other functions of the liver are there?
The _________ is a hollow pouch located beneath the liver that acts as a reservoir for bile.
The _________ is a hollow pouch located beneath the liver that acts as a reservoir for bile.
The small intestines can be broken down into three pieces. Name them in descending order.
The small intestines can be broken down into three pieces. Name them in descending order.
Where do the digestive juices from the pancreas and liver mix together?
Where do the digestive juices from the pancreas and liver mix together?
The pancreas secretes juices containing enzymes that do what?
The pancreas secretes juices containing enzymes that do what?
Amylase breaks down:
Amylase breaks down:
Bicarbonate acidifies the stomach acid in the duodenum.
Bicarbonate acidifies the stomach acid in the duodenum.
Insulin helps regulate the levels of what in the bloodstream?
Insulin helps regulate the levels of what in the bloodstream?
Jejunum function:
Jejunum function:
Ileum function:
Ileum function:
Food that was not broken down in the small intestine moves to the ______ or large intestine, as waste products.
Food that was not broken down in the small intestine moves to the ______ or large intestine, as waste products.
What rhythmic movement called ________ moves the waste matter through the intestines.
What rhythmic movement called ________ moves the waste matter through the intestines.
The spleen is located in the abdomen and has digestive system function.
The spleen is located in the abdomen and has digestive system function.
Spleen function:
Spleen function:
The abdominal space holds the male and female reproductive organs.
The abdominal space holds the male and female reproductive organs.
The male reproductive system consists of what?
The male reproductive system consists of what?
The female reproductive system includes what?
The female reproductive system includes what?
What system controls the discharge of certain waste material filtered from the blood by the kidneys?
What system controls the discharge of certain waste material filtered from the blood by the kidneys?
The solid and hollow organs of the Urinary System are?
The solid and hollow organs of the Urinary System are?
The urinary and genital systems are considered together because why?
The urinary and genital systems are considered together because why?
How many kidneys does the body have?
How many kidneys does the body have?
The kidneys lie on the ____ muscular wall of the abdomen behind the peritoneum in the retroperitoneal space.
The kidneys lie on the ____ muscular wall of the abdomen behind the peritoneum in the retroperitoneal space.
The role of the kidneys includes:
The role of the kidneys includes:
How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?
How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?
The ______ rids the body of toxic waste and controls the body's balance of fluid and electrolytes.
The ______ rids the body of toxic waste and controls the body's balance of fluid and electrolytes.
Blood flow in the kidneys is high.
Blood flow in the kidneys is high.
Nearly 40% of the output of blood from the heart passes through the kidneys each minute.
Nearly 40% of the output of blood from the heart passes through the kidneys each minute.
Peristalsis moves urine to the bladder through the ureters.
Peristalsis moves urine to the bladder through the ureters.
The Urinary bladder is located immediately behind the _____ _____ in the pelvic cavity and is composed of smooth muscle with a specialized lining membrane.
The Urinary bladder is located immediately behind the _____ _____ in the pelvic cavity and is composed of smooth muscle with a specialized lining membrane.
The normal adult forms how much urine every day?
The normal adult forms how much urine every day?
____ L of blood circulates through the kidneys daily.
____ L of blood circulates through the kidneys daily.
The abdominal cavity is lined by a membrane called the _________.
The abdominal cavity is lined by a membrane called the _________.
The _________ covers the organs of the abdomen.
The _________ covers the organs of the abdomen.
The ________ peritoneum lines the walls of the abdominal cavity, and the ______ peritoneum covers the organs themselves.
The ________ peritoneum lines the walls of the abdominal cavity, and the ______ peritoneum covers the organs themselves.
Peritonitis (what is it and what causes it?)
Peritonitis (what is it and what causes it?)
Acute abdomen is?
Acute abdomen is?
If untreated, an acute abdomen can turn into peritonitis.
If untreated, an acute abdomen can turn into peritonitis.
Peritonitis typically causes _______, or paralysis of the muscular contractions that normally propel material through the intestine.
Peritonitis typically causes _______, or paralysis of the muscular contractions that normally propel material through the intestine.
Ileus leads to _________ in the stomach.
Ileus leads to _________ in the stomach.
In the case of ileus from peritonitis, the only way the stomach can empty itself is by ______, or vomiting.
In the case of ileus from peritonitis, the only way the stomach can empty itself is by ______, or vomiting.
Peritonitis can lead to shock?
Peritonitis can lead to shock?
Diverticulitis is?
Diverticulitis is?
Cholecystitis is?
Cholecystitis is?
Patients with diverticulitis and/or cholecystitis may have a substantial elevation in temperature but, those with acute appendicitis may have normal temperatures.
Patients with diverticulitis and/or cholecystitis may have a substantial elevation in temperature but, those with acute appendicitis may have normal temperatures.
The visceral peritoneum is supplied by the autonomic nervous system. Does this mean that patients can feel localized pain, or referred pain?
The visceral peritoneum is supplied by the autonomic nervous system. Does this mean that patients can feel localized pain, or referred pain?
What is referred pain?
What is referred pain?
Study Notes
Abdominal Pain Management
- Patients with abdominal pain often prefer to lie on their side with knees drawn into their abdomen for comfort.
- Administering low-flow oxygen can help reduce nausea in patients.
- Immediate transport is crucial for patients with severe lower back pain and a pulsating mass, indicating potential serious conditions.
Conditions Associated with Abdominal Pain
- Cholecystitis: Suspected in patients experiencing abdominal pain after eating fatty foods.
- Peritonitis: Can lead to shock due to fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues.
- Urinary Tract Infections: More common in women due to anatomical factors.
Anatomy Considerations
- The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ, located behind the peritoneum.
- The abdominal cavity, lined by the peritoneum, contains both solid and hollow organs crucial for various bodily functions.
- Solid organs: Liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and ovaries; Hollow organs include the gallbladder, stomach, small and large intestine, and urinary bladder.
Gastrointestinal System Functions
- The GI system is responsible for digestion, starting as soon as food enters the mouth.
- Major organs involved:
- Stomach (main organ for digestion)
- Liver (produces bile for fat digestion and filters toxins)
- Pancreas (secretes juices to break down starches, fats, and proteins).
Common Symptoms and Diagnoses
- Burning stomach pain that improves after eating may indicate peptic ulcer disease (PUD).
- Diverticulitis: Caused by inflammation in weak areas of muscle walls.
- Acute Abdomen: Sudden onset of pain requiring prompt evaluation and treatment, can lead to complications such as peritonitis if untreated.
Pain Localization
- Appendicitis: Pain in right lower quadrant; referred pain around the navel.
- Cholecystitis: Pain in right upper quadrant and referred pain to the right shoulder.
- Kidney Stones: Pain in flank region, often radiating to genitalia.
- Peritonitis: Pain can be diffuse across the abdomen.
Patient Transport and Monitoring
- For patients with significant abdominal pain, assessing for shock is vital.
- Providing emotional support during transport to the hospital is an important treatment aspect.
Urinary System Overview
- The urinary system regulates waste, fluid balance, and blood pressure.
- Kidneys filter blood and eliminate toxins, with a high daily blood flow (~20% of heart output).
- The normal adult generates 1.5-2.0 liters of urine daily.
Complications and Risks
- Peritonitis can lead to ileus, a condition where intestinal movement stops, causing stomach distention and potential shock.
- Chronic NSAID use is a major cause of peptic ulcers, predominantly affecting older populations.
Additional Important Terminology
- Referred Pain: Pain perceived at a site different from its origin, often linked to visceral organ irritation.
- Hematemesis: Vomiting blood; Melena: Black, tarry stools indicating gastrointestinal bleeding.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the key concepts of Chapter 18 from the EMT curriculum. This quiz includes flashcards covering essential information related to abdominal pain management and patient comfort. Perfect for EMT students looking to reinforce their learning.
