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Questions and Answers
Which of the following MOST accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke?
Which of the following MOST accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke?
- Acute atherosclerotic disease
- Narrowing of a carotid artery
- Rupture of a cerebral artery
- Blockage of a cerebral artery (correct)
In the scenario presented, you should:
In the scenario presented, you should:
- Apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and transport her for a blood-alcohol test.
- Apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, place her on her left side, and transport.
- Assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport. (correct)
- Place a bite block in her mouth in case she has a seizure and transport at once.
Components of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale include:
Components of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale include:
- Speech, pupil reaction, and memory.
- Arm drift, memory, and grip strength.
- Arm drift, speech, and facial droop. (correct)
- Facial droop, speech, and pupil size.
Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of seizures?
Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of seizures?
You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:
You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:
Muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the:
Muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the:
Which of the following medications would indicate that a patient has a history of seizures?
Which of the following medications would indicate that a patient has a history of seizures?
Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether:
Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether:
When obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is MOST important to:
When obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is MOST important to:
A 40-year-old patient without a history of seizures experiences a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is:
A 40-year-old patient without a history of seizures experiences a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is:
A generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure is characterized by:
A generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure is characterized by:
A patient who is experiencing aphasia is:
A patient who is experiencing aphasia is:
Which of the following clinical signs is MOST suggestive of a ruptured aneurysm?
Which of the following clinical signs is MOST suggestive of a ruptured aneurysm?
A severe headache and nausea that has gradually worsened over the past 12 hours indicates treatment should include:
A severe headache and nausea that has gradually worsened over the past 12 hours indicates treatment should include:
The anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls:
The anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls:
Which of the following patients would MOST likely demonstrate typical signs of infection, such as a fever?
Which of the following patients would MOST likely demonstrate typical signs of infection, such as a fever?
Which of the following findings should concern the EMT the MOST when assessing a patient who complains of a headache?
Which of the following findings should concern the EMT the MOST when assessing a patient who complains of a headache?
The principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia:
The principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia:
A 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. It is MOST important for you to:
A 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. It is MOST important for you to:
Status epilepticus is characterized by:
Status epilepticus is characterized by:
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Study Notes
Ischemic Stroke
- Ischemic stroke is primarily caused by blockage of a cerebral artery.
Patient Assessment in Seizures
- In a case of a 22-year-old female found unconscious with rapid shallow respirations, administer ventilation assistance and perform a rapid exam before transport.
- Understanding seizure history is essential; focus on how the seizure developed during evaluations.
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
- Consists of three components: arm drift, speech, and facial droop for effective assessment of potential strokes.
Seizures Causes
- Common causes of seizures include poisoning, hypoglycemia, and alcohol withdrawal, but hypotension is not typically recognized as a common cause.
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
- A patient who responds appropriately but exhibits left side weakness scores 12 on the GCS.
Cerebellum Function
- The cerebellum is responsible for muscle control and body coordination.
History of Seizures Medications
- Levetiracetam (Keppra) is a medication indicating a patient's history of seizures.
Stroke Treatment Timing
- Successful treatment hinges on administering thrombolytic therapy within three hours of the onset of symptoms.
Post-Seizure Patient Care
- For a patient recovering from a seizure, obtaining a detailed history of the seizure development is critical for proper assessment.
Tonic-Clonic Seizures
- Generalized (tonic-clonic) seizures are marked by severe muscle twitching throughout the body, not merely a lapse in consciousness.
Aphasia
- A patient with aphasia cannot produce or understand speech, indicating potential neurological issues.
Ruptured Aneurysm Symptoms
- Sudden, severe headache is a hallmark sign that suggests a ruptured aneurysm.
Headache Management
- For patients with severe headaches, dimming lights in transport can enhance comfort and minimize exacerbation of symptoms.
Cerebrum Function
- The anterior aspect of the cerebrum plays a crucial role in emotional regulation.
Infection Indicators
- A 17-year-old male with anxiety may demonstrate typical signs of infection, such as fever, making this demographic significant for observation.
Headache Assessment Concerns
- Neck stiffness or pain during headache assessment is more concerning, indicating potential serious conditions.
Differentiating Stroke from Hypoglycemia
- Patients with hypoglycemia typically exhibit altered mental status or decreased consciousness, differentiating them from stroke victims who may retain some alertness.
Priority Actions in Stroke Cases
- When dealing with stroke symptoms, it is vital to ascertain when the symptoms began to inform treatment strategies.
Status Epilepticus
- This condition is characterized by prolonged seizures without a return to consciousness, necessitating immediate medical intervention.
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