Podcast
Questions and Answers
The spinal cord exits the cranium through the:
The spinal cord exits the cranium through the:
foramen magnum.
The left cerebral hemisphere controls:
The left cerebral hemisphere controls:
right side of the body.
Which of the following patients would MOST likely demonstrate typical signs of infection, such as a fever?
Which of the following patients would MOST likely demonstrate typical signs of infection, such as a fever?
- A 60-year-old male with diabetes
- A 17-year-old male with anxiety (correct)
- A 25-year-old female with a fractured leg
- A 30-year-old female post-surgery
Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:
Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:
Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure?
Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure?
Your patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away from you when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:
Your patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away from you when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:
Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing:
A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing:
The three major parts of the brain are the:
The three major parts of the brain are the:
A patient with an altered mental status is:
A patient with an altered mental status is:
Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of seizures?
Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of seizures?
Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure?
Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure?
The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:
The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:
The anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls:
The anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls:
A 40-year-old patient without a history of seizures experiences a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is:
A 40-year-old patient without a history of seizures experiences a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is:
The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:
The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:
You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include:
You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include:
You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:
You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:
You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale on a 60-year-old woman. When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should:
You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale on a 60-year-old woman. When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should:
Which of the following MOST accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke?
Which of the following MOST accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke?
You arrive at a grocery store shortly after a 35-year-old male stopped seizing. Your assessment reveals that he is confused and incontinent of urine. The patient's girlfriend tells you that he has a history of seizures and takes topiramate (Topamax). When obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is MOST important to:
You arrive at a grocery store shortly after a 35-year-old male stopped seizing. Your assessment reveals that he is confused and incontinent of urine. The patient's girlfriend tells you that he has a history of seizures and takes topiramate (Topamax). When obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is MOST important to:
An absence seizure is also referred to as a:
An absence seizure is also referred to as a:
Status epilepticus is characterized by:
Status epilepticus is characterized by:
Febrile seizures:
Febrile seizures:
During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should:
During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should:
When transporting a stable stroke patient with a paralyzed extremity, place the patient in a:
When transporting a stable stroke patient with a paralyzed extremity, place the patient in a:
Which of the following findings should concern the EMT the MOST when assessing a patient who complains of a headache?
Which of the following findings should concern the EMT the MOST when assessing a patient who complains of a headache?
An area of swelling or enlargement in a weakened arterial wall is called:
An area of swelling or enlargement in a weakened arterial wall is called:
A patient who is experiencing aphasia is:
A patient who is experiencing aphasia is:
The mental status of a patient who has experienced a generalized seizure:
The mental status of a patient who has experienced a generalized seizure:
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Study Notes
Spinal Cord and Brain Hemispheres
- The spinal cord exits the cranium via the foramen magnum.
- The left cerebral hemisphere is responsible for controlling the right side of the body.
Signs of Infection and Seizure Types
- A 17-year-old male with anxiety may show typical signs of infection such as fever.
- A simple partial seizure typically starts in one extremity.
Assessing Neurological Status
- A Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 8 indicates a patient's level of consciousness where they exhibit some motor response.
- Dysarthria refers to slurred and difficult-to-understand speech.
Brain Structure and Function
- The brain consists of three major parts: cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.
- The brain stem controls basic bodily functions like breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing.
Stroke Conditions
- Hypovolemia is least likely to mimic stroke symptoms compared to other conditions.
- The anterior aspect of the cerebrum is associated with emotional control.
Seizures and Their Causes
- Hypotension is not commonly recognized as a cause of seizures.
- Poisoning is identified as a metabolic cause of seizures.
Hemorrhagic Stroke Risks
- Hypertension is the most significant risk factor for hemorrhagic strokes.
- An ischemic stroke is caused by the blockage of a cerebral artery.
Response to Stroke and Seizures
- In cases of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech, the patient should be placed in recovery position and transported for further care.
- If a stroke patient is unresponsive and apneic, initiate CPR and attach an AED immediately.
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
- If a patient’s arms drop during the arm drift test, repeat the test by positioning their arms manually.
Seizure History and Management
- When assessing a seizure patient's history, obtain details on how the seizure developed.
- An absence seizure is also known as a petit mal seizure, characterized by brief lapses in consciousness.
- Status epilepticus involves prolonged seizures without regaining consciousness.
Febrile Seizures
- Febrile seizures are typically benign but require appropriate evaluation.
Patient Assessment Priorities
- For semi-conscious patients, priority should be to ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as necessary.
- The paralyzed side of a stable stroke patient should be positioned downward during transport.
Assessment Concerns
- Neck stiffness or pain alongside headaches raises significant concern during patient assessment.
Aneurysms and Aphasia
- An aneurysm is defined as an area of swelling in a weakened arterial wall.
- A patient experiencing aphasia is unable to produce or comprehend speech.
Recovery After Seizures
- The mental status of a patient who has had a generalized seizure typically improves within 5 to 30 minutes post-seizure.
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