EMT Chapter 15-16 Review

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Questions and Answers

Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:

High blood glucose levels

A narcotic overdose (correct)

An overdose of aspirin

A respiratory infection

Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:

Altered mental status and bradycardia

Anxiety, dizziness, and severe bradypnea

Unilateral paralysis and slurred speech

Tachypnea and tingling in the extremities (correct)

Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:

Slow, shallow breathing eliminates too much carbon dioxide

Blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing

The level of carbon dioxide in the blood increases

Dangerous acids accumulate in the bloodstream (correct)

A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should:

Provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is correct?

The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct?

Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension Signup and view all the answers

Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Signup and view all the answers

Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of:

Toxic chemical inhalation Signup and view all the answers

A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. You should:

Apply a CPAP device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration Signup and view all the answers

An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with:

Adequate air exchange Signup and view all the answers

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe:

A group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia Signup and view all the answers

The iliac arteries immediately subdivide into the:

Femoral arteries Signup and view all the answers

The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all of the following areas, EXCEPT the:

Brain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hyperventilation

Hyperventilation may be caused by various factors but is not associated with narcotic overdose.
Acute hyperventilation syndrome symptoms include tachypnea (rapid breathing) and tingling in extremities.

Alkalosis

Alkalosis occurs when blood acidity decreases due to excessive breathing, not from CO2 accumulation.

Dyspnea

Defined as shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, a critical symptom in respiratory assessment.

Anaphylaxis

Characterized by airway swelling and hypotension, with reactions often occurring within 60 minutes of exposure.

Acute pulmonary edema often results from right-sided heart failure, leading to severe respiratory distress.
In cases of respiratory distress, applying a CPAP device can be beneficial for patients with congestive heart failure.

Oxygenation and Ventilation

Patients with adequate air exchange exhibit regular inhalation and exhalation with clear, equal breath sounds.
Supplemental oxygen may be necessary for patients with low oxygen saturation levels.

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

ACS refers to a range of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia, indicating inadequate blood flow to the heart.

Circulatory System

The iliac arteries branch into the femoral arteries, crucial for blood supply to the lower limbs.
The inferior vena cava collects deoxygenated blood from the legs, abdomen, and kidneys but not the brain.

Medical History

Key factors in medical history for patients with chest discomfort include family history of hypertension and smoking history.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards on EMT Chapter 15-16. The quiz covers important concepts related to hyperventilation and its associated conditions. Perfect for revision and reinforcing key concepts in emergency medical training.