Podcast
Questions and Answers
What should you do for a 66-year-old female with chest pressure and no prescribed nitroglycerin?
What should you do for a 66-year-old female with chest pressure and no prescribed nitroglycerin?
Administer oxygen, give her 2 (81mg each tablet) chewable aspirin, and assess her further.
Which of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood?
Which of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood?
- Vena cava
- Pulmonary veins (correct)
- Pulmonary arteries
- Aorta
What should you begin if a 56-year-old male with chest pain is semiconscious?
What should you begin if a 56-year-old male with chest pain is semiconscious?
Begin ventilatory assistance.
What is most important to do upon arriving at a patient with a possible cardiac problem?
What is most important to do upon arriving at a patient with a possible cardiac problem?
Where does blood ejected from the right ventricle flow?
Where does blood ejected from the right ventricle flow?
Why is prompt transport of a patient with a suspected AMI important?
Why is prompt transport of a patient with a suspected AMI important?
How does a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restore blood flow?
How does a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restore blood flow?
What arteries supply oxygenated blood to the head and brain?
What arteries supply oxygenated blood to the head and brain?
When does an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occur?
When does an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occur?
What do the iliac arteries subdivide into?
What do the iliac arteries subdivide into?
Where does deoxygenated blood return to the heart?
Where does deoxygenated blood return to the heart?
Which medication is commonly given for chest pain to prevent blood clots?
Which medication is commonly given for chest pain to prevent blood clots?
What should you assess for a patient with crushing chest pain and diaphoresis?
What should you assess for a patient with crushing chest pain and diaphoresis?
Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?
Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?
What happens when the myocardium requires more oxygen?
What happens when the myocardium requires more oxygen?
Which of the following would cause the greatest increase in cardiac output?
Which of the following would cause the greatest increase in cardiac output?
Why does ventricular tachycardia cause hypotension?
Why does ventricular tachycardia cause hypotension?
When does angina pectoris most commonly occur?
When does angina pectoris most commonly occur?
At what level does the descending aorta divide into the two iliac arteries?
At what level does the descending aorta divide into the two iliac arteries?
Why does chest pain occur in a patient with atherosclerotic heart disease during exertion?
Why does chest pain occur in a patient with atherosclerotic heart disease during exertion?
What should you do after assisting a patient with their nitroglycerin?
What should you do after assisting a patient with their nitroglycerin?
How should defibrillator pads be placed on the patient's chest?
How should defibrillator pads be placed on the patient's chest?
Why should a chest pain patient be assumed to be having an AMI?
Why should a chest pain patient be assumed to be having an AMI?
What is the purpose of defibrillation?
What is the purpose of defibrillation?
When is it MOST appropriate for a patient to take prescribed nitroglycerin?
When is it MOST appropriate for a patient to take prescribed nitroglycerin?
Which of the following statements regarding the AED and defibrillation is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding the AED and defibrillation is correct?
The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the __________, which originate(s) from the __________.
The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the __________, which originate(s) from the __________.
What can cause cardiac output to decrease?
What can cause cardiac output to decrease?
What should treatment for a conscious patient with chest discomfort and congestive heart failure include?
What should treatment for a conscious patient with chest discomfort and congestive heart failure include?
How does nitroglycerin relieve cardiac-related chest pain?
How does nitroglycerin relieve cardiac-related chest pain?
The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all of the following areas, EXCEPT the:
The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all of the following areas, EXCEPT the:
Prior to assisting a patient with their prescribed nitroglycerin, what should the EMT do?
Prior to assisting a patient with their prescribed nitroglycerin, what should the EMT do?
What should you do for a patient who becomes unresponsive and pulseless during transport?
What should you do for a patient who becomes unresponsive and pulseless during transport?
What is termed the ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously without nerve source stimulation?
What is termed the ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously without nerve source stimulation?
What occurs when the myocardium requires more oxygen?
What occurs when the myocardium requires more oxygen?
What is a dissecting aortic aneurysm?
What is a dissecting aortic aneurysm?
In contrast to monophasic defibrillation, what does biphasic defibrillation require?
In contrast to monophasic defibrillation, what does biphasic defibrillation require?
What should you do upon arriving at a collapsed patient?
What should you do upon arriving at a collapsed patient?
What is the MOST common error associated with the use of the AED?
What is the MOST common error associated with the use of the AED?
Which cardiac arrhythmia has the greatest chance of deteriorating into a pulseless rhythm?
Which cardiac arrhythmia has the greatest chance of deteriorating into a pulseless rhythm?
What term describes a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia?
What term describes a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia?
Why would signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency be delayed?
Why would signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency be delayed?
Where can the posterior tibial pulse be palpated?
Where can the posterior tibial pulse be palpated?
What advantage does the AED provide to the EMT?
What advantage does the AED provide to the EMT?
What does rapid, labored breathing in a patient with AMI signify?
What does rapid, labored breathing in a patient with AMI signify?
What is the function of the left atrium?
What is the function of the left atrium?
How does a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restore blood flow?
How does a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restore blood flow?
What are risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled?
What are risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled?
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect heart and respiratory rates?
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect heart and respiratory rates?
What is the purpose of defibrillation?
What is the purpose of defibrillation?
Which statement is true about major risk factors for AMI?
Which statement is true about major risk factors for AMI?
What is nitroglycerin contraindicated for?
What is nitroglycerin contraindicated for?
When an electrical impulse reaches the AV node, it is slowed for a brief period of time so that: __________.
When an electrical impulse reaches the AV node, it is slowed for a brief period of time so that: __________.
What must be ensured prior to defibrillating a patient with an AED?
What must be ensured prior to defibrillating a patient with an AED?
Which signs or symptoms would you NOT expect in a patient with congestive heart failure?
Which signs or symptoms would you NOT expect in a patient with congestive heart failure?
What controls the primary pacemaker of the heart?
What controls the primary pacemaker of the heart?
Which common side effect of nitroglycerin is NOT expected?
Which common side effect of nitroglycerin is NOT expected?
What should be done immediately after an AED shock is delivered?
What should be done immediately after an AED shock is delivered?
Why might many people experiencing AMI not seek immediate medical attention?
Why might many people experiencing AMI not seek immediate medical attention?
Most patients are instructed to take up to _______ doses of nitroglycerin before calling EMS.
Most patients are instructed to take up to _______ doses of nitroglycerin before calling EMS.
Which statement regarding nitroglycerin is correct?
Which statement regarding nitroglycerin is correct?
What should be done if an AED advises a shock for a patient with an implanted pacemaker?
What should be done if an AED advises a shock for a patient with an implanted pacemaker?
What causes sudden death following AMI?
What causes sudden death following AMI?
What should be noted when a patient describes their chest pain?
What should be noted when a patient describes their chest pain?
What is correct regarding the pain associated with AMI?
What is correct regarding the pain associated with AMI?
What should be done prior to attaching the AED to a patient in cardiac arrest?
What should be done prior to attaching the AED to a patient in cardiac arrest?
What is of LEAST pertinence when obtaining medical history from a patient with chest discomfort?
What is of LEAST pertinence when obtaining medical history from a patient with chest discomfort?
What should be done if an EMS team gets a 'no shock advised' message following AED analysis?
What should be done if an EMS team gets a 'no shock advised' message following AED analysis?
What causes cardiogenic shock following AMI?
What causes cardiogenic shock following AMI?
What should be done after an AED delivers a shock and a carotid pulse is restored?
What should be done after an AED delivers a shock and a carotid pulse is restored?
What is a major difference between angina pectoris and AMI?
What is a major difference between angina pectoris and AMI?
What are the signs and symptoms indicative of a dissecting aortic aneurysm?
What are the signs and symptoms indicative of a dissecting aortic aneurysm?
Which sign is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?
Which sign is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?
Where does the electrical impulse generated by the heart originate?
Where does the electrical impulse generated by the heart originate?
How does a dissecting aortic aneurysm present differently than AMI?
How does a dissecting aortic aneurysm present differently than AMI?
Study Notes
Cardiology Overview
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when myocardial tissue dies due to oxygen deprivation.
- Signs of chest pain could indicate an AMI; assume this diagnosis until proven otherwise.
- An acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses symptoms from myocardial ischemia.
Patient Assessment
- Assess the scene for hazards before approaching a patient with potential cardiac issues.
- Quick evaluation of vital signs: blood pressure, pulse, and respiration are crucial.
- In respiratory distress, prioritize assessing and assisting adequate ventilation.
Vital Sign Thresholds
- Blood pressure of 94/64 mm Hg indicates hypotension, which may affect treatment decisions.
- A heart rate of 120 beats/min suggests tachycardia, which may warrant further intervention.
Treatment Protocols
- Administer oxygen and aspirin (2 chewable 81mg) for chest pain; reassess quickly.
- Use nitroglycerin to relieve cardiac-related chest pain by dilating coronary arteries, but confirm authorization before use.
- Position the patient upright to ease breathing, particularly in cases of heart failure.
AED and Defibrillation
- AED pads placement: right upper sternum and left side below the nipple.
- Ensure no one is touching the patient when delivering a shock to prevent injury.
Cardiac Function and Risks
- Ventricular tachycardia can lead to hypotension due to inadequate left ventricle filling.
- The heart has a natural pacemaker in the sinoatrial (SA) node, coordinating heartbeat.
- A dissecting aortic aneurysm results when the aorta's inner layers separate, leading to severe pain.
Medication Guidelines
- Aspirin is key for preventing blood clots during an AMI event.
- Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients with recent head injuries; it usually alleviates anginal pain in about five minutes.
Recognizing Symptoms and Signs
- Dependent edema is a common sign of right-sided heart failure.
- Symptoms of hypertension emergencies may be masked in patients with chronic hypertension.
- Pain associated with angina typically subsides with rest; AMI pain persists.
Complications of AMI
- Ventricular fibrillation is a leading cause of sudden death post-AMI.
- Cardiogenic shock occurs due to decreased heart muscle pumping ability after an AMI event.
- Patients may not seek help immediately during an AMI due to denial.
Historical and Biological Context
- Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood; their blockage can lead to significant ischemia.
- Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium from the body via the inferior vena cava.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on emergency medical treatment with this quiz based on Chapter 14. You'll encounter scenarios like managing chest pain in patients with underlying conditions. Challenge yourself to apply what you’ve learned about assessment and immediate care.
