EMT Chapter 10 Review Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Shock is the result of:

The body's maintenance of homeostasis.

Temporary dysfunction of a major organ.

Widespread constriction of the blood vessels.

Hypoperfusion to the cells of the body. (correct)

Capillary sphincters are:

Circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries. (correct)

Responsible for constricting to compensate for decreased cell perfusion.

Capable of dilating in order to increase perfusion to crucial body organs.

Under complete control of the voluntary portion of the nervous system.

One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is:

Carbon monoxide.

Lactic acid.

Carbon dioxide. (correct)

Pyruvic acid.

When the body senses a state of hypoperfusion, the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine, the effects of which include:

Tachycardia. Signup and view all the answers

When perfusion to the core of the body decreases:

Blood is shunted away from the skin. Signup and view all the answers

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during:

Cardiogenic shock. Signup and view all the answers

Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:

Increased preload. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock?

Cardiac tamponade. Signup and view all the answers

Distributive shock occurs when:

Widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock?

Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation. Signup and view all the answers

Patients develop septic shock secondary to:

Poor vessel function and severe volume loss. Signup and view all the answers

A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is warm and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing:

Septic shock. Signup and view all the answers

Neurogenic shock occurs when:

Failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. Signup and view all the answers

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by:

Hypothermia. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is MOST correct?

Each subsequent exposure following sensitization can lead to more severe reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Shock Overview

Shock results from hypoperfusion to body cells, leading to organ dysfunction and impaired homeostasis.
Symptoms of shock often include tachycardia, tachypnea, and restlessness.

Capillary Sphincters

Capillary sphincters are circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through capillaries, influencing perfusion to vital organs.

Cellular Waste Removal

Carbon dioxide is a primary waste product produced by cellular metabolism and must be expelled by the lungs.

Sympathetic Nervous System Response

In response to hypoperfusion, the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine, which primarily causes tachycardia, increasing heart rate to enhance blood flow.

Blood Flow Dynamics

When core body perfusion decreases, blood is shunted away from the skin to prioritize vital organs, reflecting the body's adaptive mechanisms.

Types of Shock

Cardiogenic shock occurs due to impaired heart function, specifically due to conditions like heart attacks and poor contractility.
Obstructive shock commonly arises from cardiac tamponade, restricting blood flow.
Distributive shock results from widespread dilation of blood vessels, leading to blood pooling in vascular beds.

Septic Shock

Septic shock is characterized by bacterial damage to vascular walls, which leads to leaking blood vessels and vasodilation, often resulting from severe infections.
Patients may develop septic shock due to poor vessel function and significant volume loss, particularly after surgeries.

Neurogenic Shock

Neurogenic shock stems from failure of the nervous system, causing extensive vasodilation and often accompanied by hypothermia.
It can occur following spinal cord injuries and is marked by a lack of vasoconstriction in the peripheral vessels.

Anaphylactic Shock

Anaphylactic shock occurs rapidly after exposure to allergens in sensitized individuals and is related to immune system responses.
Subsequent exposures to allergens can result in more severe reactions due to heightened sensitivity.

Clinical Presentation

In elderly patients post-surgery, signs such as restlessness, tachycardia, and hypotension (e.g., blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg) can indicate septic shock, warranting immediate attention.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these EMT Chapter 10 review flashcards. Focused on important concepts such as shock and capillary sphincters, this quiz helps reinforce your understanding of critical topics in emergency medical response. Perfect for studying and preparing for exams!