Emergency Medical Services Chapter 7
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Questions and Answers

What makes up the scene size-up? (Select all that apply)

  • Determine the mechanism of injury (correct)
  • Number of patients (correct)
  • Consider the weather conditions
  • Evaluate the scene for safety hazards (correct)

    • How do you evaluate for scene safety?

    Yourself, crew, patient(s), bystander(s)

    What do you determine during the scene size-up?

    Mechanism of injury vs. nature of illness, number of patients, need for additional resources

    What is scene safety?

    <p>An assessment to assure the well-being of the EMT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the elements of scene safety?

    <p>Protect bystanders, never enter an unsafe scene, make the scene safe or call for help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a danger zone?

    <p>Minimum of 50 feet around the scene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are danger areas?

    <p>Crash or rescue scenes, toxic substances, unstable surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scene clues should you look for in a scene of violence?

    <p>Fighting, loud voices, alcohol/drug use, unusual silence, prior experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three things to remember about standard precautions?

    <p>Anticipate the need, have equipment available, use appropriate equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give examples of three types of standard precautions.

    <p>Gloves, mask and eye protection, gown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define mechanism of injury.

    <p>The physical event that caused an injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who can provide information for determining the mechanism of injury?

    <p>Patient, family, bystander, observation of scene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of motor vehicle collisions?

    <p>Head-on, rear impact, roll over, side impact, rotational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the mechanisms of injury in a motor vehicle collision?

    <p>Ejection, deformed windshield, amount of vehicle deformity, seatbelt use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you find clues about the mechanism of injury in a motor vehicle collision?

    <p>Vehicle interior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of motorized vehicles?

    <p>Motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, snowmobiles, jet-ski</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you look at when examining a fall mechanism of injury?

    <p>Distance fallen, body part that struck surface, type of surface, anything that broke the fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of penetrating trauma?

    <p>Velocity, body region penetrated, exit wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of velocity?

    <p>Low velocity, medium velocity, high velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is blunt force trauma?

    <p>Injury caused by force from a blunt object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is penetrating trauma?

    <p>Injury incurred when an object penetrates into the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sources of information for the nature of illness for a medical patient?

    <p>Scene, patient, family, bystanders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you determine the adequacy of resources?

    <p>Number of patients, hazardous materials, fire or rescue needs, unusual situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you do once you determine a need for more resources?

    <p>Call for assistance before beginning care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is blunt-force trauma?

    <p>Injury caused by blow that does not penetrate through the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is CHEMTREC?

    <p>Agency that provides advice on hazardous materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a danger zone?

    <p>Area around a wreckage where safety precautions should be taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is domestic violence?

    <p>Violence in home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a high index of suspicion?

    <p>Keen awareness that a person may have injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of inertia?

    <p>A body in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mechanism of injury?

    <p>Force or forces that may have caused injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the North American Emergency Response Guidebook?

    <p>Material available for information about hazardous materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is scene size-up?

    <p>Steps taken by EMS crew when attending an emergency call</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is your top priority during scene size-up?

    <p>Personal safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does scene size-up end?

    <p>Scene size-up is an ongoing process during the call.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Should you rely on another person's scene size-up?

    <p>No, always conduct your own scene size-up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should you park your car when approaching a collision scene?

    <p>Uphill from the collision scene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do when in sight of the collision?

    <p>Watch for signals from police and emergency personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far does the danger zone extend if there are no apparent hazards?

    <p>50 feet in all directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far does the danger zone extend if the vehicle is on fire?

    <p>At least 100 feet in all directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a good scene size-up identify?

    <p>Potential for violence and number of patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is an oxygen mask considered a piece of equipment used for standard precautions?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key element of body substance isolation?

    <p>Always have personal protective equipment readily available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are injuries to bones and joints typically associated with?

    <p>Falls and vehicle collisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does knowing the mechanism of injury do for the EMT?

    <p>Assists in predicting injury patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What injuries will an unrestrained driver involved in a head-on, up and over collision sustain?

    <p>Skull and neck injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the least likely to be the mechanism of injury in an up and over collision?

    <p>The brake pedal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are knee, leg, and hip injuries common?

    <p>Head-on, down and under collisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collision is the most serious?

    <p>Rollover collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of mechanism of injury?

    <p>Falling three times height, spiderweb crack in windshield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a severe fall?

    <p>Over 15 feet or three times the patient's height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a low velocity injury?

    <p>A penetrating injury usually limited to the penetrated area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do medium and high velocity injuries differ from low velocity injuries?

    <p>Larger zones of damage due to cavitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cavitation?

    <p>The pressure wave around the bullet's tract through the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is exsanguination?

    <p>Rapid bleeding to death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can gas penetration occur?

    <p>With air rifles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often does pressure damage occur?

    <p>Only occasionally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a blunt force trauma?

    <p>An injury caused by a blow that strikes the body but does not penetrate the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is there a term such as inertia trauma?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four parts of scene size-up?

    <p>Scene safety, mechanism of injury or nature of illness, number of patients, additional resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are five signs of danger from violence you may observe when approaching a scene?

    <p>Fighting or loud voices, weapons visible, signs of alcohol or drug use, unusual silence, knowledge of prior violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are five types of motor vehicle collisions?

    <p>Head-on, rear-end, side impact, roll over, rotational impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three sources of information about the nature of illness?

    <p>Patient, family, bystander, scene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Scene Size Up Overview

    • Scene size up includes evaluating safety hazards, taking standard precautions, determining mechanism of injury versus nature of illness, assessing number of patients, and identifying need for additional resources.
    • It is an ongoing process throughout the emergency call, requiring continuous assessment of changing situations.

    Scene Safety

    • Scene safety ensures the well-being of EMTs and involves assessing potential hazards to oneself, crew, patients, and bystanders.
    • Elements of scene safety include protecting bystanders and refraining from entering unsafe scenes; calling for assistance if the scene needs to be made safe.
    • A danger zone extends 50 feet around a scene; increase to 100 feet if a vehicle is on fire or if hazardous materials are involved.

    Mechanism of Injury

    • Mechanism of injury pertains to the physical event causing an injury, with factors including the type of collision (head-on, rear impact, etc.), forces involved, and specifics like seatbelt use.
    • Injuries from falls must consider the distance fallen, surface type, and if anything broke the fall.

    Standard Precautions

    • Standard precautions are essential to prevent exposure to bodily fluids and include anticipating needs, keeping equipment ready, and using appropriate protective gear (gloves, masks, gowns).
    • Key elements of body substance isolation involve having personal protective equipment accessible and recognizing potential hazards.

    Types of Trauma and Injuries

    • Blunt force trauma results from non-penetrating impacts, leading to abrasions, bruises, and fractures, while penetrating trauma occurs when objects penetrate the skin.
    • Velocity of trauma is categorized into low (knives), medium (handguns), and high (rifles), with each type associated with different injury patterns.

    Information Gathering

    • Sources for understanding the mechanism of injury include the patient, family, bystanders, and scene observations.
    • Medical history and context for nature of illness can be gathered from the patient, family, bystanders, and examining the scene.

    Evaluating Resource Adequacy

    • Determining resource adequacy involves assessing the number of patients, hazardous materials, potential fire or rescue requirements, and unusual circumstances.
    • Call for assistance and apply triage procedures when more resources are necessary before beginning care.

    Signs of Violence

    • Indicators of potential violence include fighting, loud voices, visible weapons, signs of substance abuse, unusual silence, and knowledge of previous violent incidents.

    Vehicle Collision Insights

    • Rollover collisions are considered the most serious due to the risk of multiple impacts and potential ejections for unrestrained passengers.
    • Understanding injury mechanisms and patterns related to vehicle collisions aids in predicting and managing patient care during EMS response.

    Educational Tools and Resources

    • CHEMTREC provides advice on hazardous materials, while the North American Emergency Response Guidebook offers quick information for identifying risks related to hazardous materials.

    Conclusion

    • Personal safety is the top priority during scene sizeup; continuous monitoring and a proactive approach to assessing the environment, patient needs, and resource requirements are essential for effective emergency response.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the essential concepts of scene size up in emergency medical services, emphasizing safety evaluation and resource assessment. Through flashcards, you'll learn key terms and their definitions related to assessing the scene during emergencies.

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