EMT Chapter 10 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What type of metabolism occurs only in the presence of oxygen?

Lactic metabolism

Fetal metabolism

Aerobic metabolism (correct)

Anaerobic metabolism

What are agonal gasps?

Occasional gasping breaths that occur after the heart has stopped.

What is the airway?

The upper airway tract or the passage above the larynx which includes the nose, mouth, and throat.

How is alveolar minute volume calculated?

By multiplying tidal volume (minus dead space) by respiratory rate. Signup and view all the answers

What does alveolar ventilation measure?

The volume of air that reaches the alveoli. Signup and view all the answers

What is the American Standard Safety System?

A safety system of large oxygen cylinders designed to prevent the accidental attachment of a regulator to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during anaerobic metabolism?

Lactic acid is produced Signup and view all the answers

What is apnea?

Absence of spontaneous breathing. Signup and view all the answers

Define aspiration in the context of the airway.

The introduction of vomitus or other foreign material into the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What are ataxic respirations?

Irregular, ineffective respiration that may or may not have an identifiable pattern. Signup and view all the answers

What is an automatic transport ventilator (ATV)?

A ventilation device that allows the variables of ventilation to be set. Signup and view all the answers

What does a bag-valve mask (BVM) do?

Delivers more than 90% supplemental oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What is a barrier device?

A protective item that limits exposure to a patient's body fluids. Signup and view all the answers

What does bilateral mean?

A body part or condition that appears on both sides of the midline. Signup and view all the answers

What are bronchioles?

Subdivisions of the smaller bronchi in the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What is capnography?

A noninvasive method to measure carbon dioxide in expired air over time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the carina?

The point at which the trachea bifurcates into the left and right mainstem bronchi. Signup and view all the answers

What are chemoreceptors responsible for?

Monitoring O2 and CO2 levels and the pH of cerebrospinal fluid. Signup and view all the answers

Define compliance in respiratory terms.

The ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation. Signup and view all the answers

What is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?

A method of ventilation used in critically ill patients with respiratory distress. Signup and view all the answers

What is dead space in respiratory physiology?

The portion of tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli. Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion?

A process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What does dyspnea refer to?

Shortness of breath. Signup and view all the answers

What is end-tidal CO2?

The amount of carbon dioxide present at the end of an exhaled breath. Signup and view all the answers

What is exhalation?

The passive part of the breathing process in which air is forced out of the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What does external respiration refer to?

The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood cells in the pulmonary capillaries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the gag reflex?

A normal reflex mechanism that causes retching. Signup and view all the answers

What is gastric distention?

Condition in which air fills the stomach during artificial ventilation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory and Metabolic Processes

Aerobic Metabolism: Requires oxygen for energy production; contrasts with anaerobic metabolism.
Anaerobic Metabolism: Occurs without oxygen; results in lactic acid production.
Alveolar Minute Volume: Air volume moved through the lungs in one minute after accounting for dead space; critical for assessing ventilation.
Alveolar Ventilation: Air reaching the alveoli for gas exchange; determined by subtracting dead space air from tidal volume.

Airway Management

Airway: Encompasses the upper respiratory tract including the nose, mouth, and throat; vital for ventilation.
Bag-Valve Mask (BVM): Delivers over 90% supplemental oxygen; crucial for emergency ventilation.
Automatic Transport Ventilator (ATV): Allows preset ventilation parameters; enables EMTs to multitask during patient care.
Barrier Device: Protective gear such as a pocket mask; limits exposure to body fluids during rescue breaths.

Patient Respiratory Patterns

Apnea: Characterized by the absence of spontaneous breathing; indicates critical need for intervention.
Agonal Gasps: Gasping breaths occur post-cardiac arrest; signals the need for immediate resuscitation efforts.
Ataxic Respirations: Irregular and ineffective breath patterns; may indicate serious neurological conditions.
Dyspnea: Presents as shortness of breath; a common symptom in respiratory distress.

Gas Exchange and Monitoring Techniques

End-Tidal CO2: Measures carbon dioxide levels at the end of exhalation; indicates respiratory efficiency.
Diffusion: The movement of molecules from high to low concentration areas; essential for gas exchange.
Capnography: Noninvasive method that provides insights into ventilatory status; measures carbon dioxide concentration over time.
External Respiration: Gas exchange in the pulmonary capillaries; critical for oxygenation of blood.

Anatomy and Physiology

Bronchioles: Smaller subdivisions of bronchi in the lungs; regulate airflow through smooth muscle constriction or dilation.
Carina: The anatomical landmark where the trachea bifurcates; important for endotracheal intubation.
Glottis: Narrow portion of the airway between vocal cords; significant for airway management.

Complications and Interventions

Gastric Distention: Excessive air in the stomach from artificial ventilation; can complicate resuscitation efforts.
Compliance: Refers to the ability of alveoli to expand during inhalation; impacts effective ventilation.
Dead Space: Portion of tidal volume that does not engage in gas exchange; understanding its role is important in ventilation strategies.

Reflexes and Responses

Gag Reflex: Protective mechanism activated by stimulation in the throat; important to assess during airway management.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): Strategy to maintain airway pressure; helps prevent endotracheal intubation in respiratory distress.

Focus on mastering these key terms and their implications for EMT practice, as they form the foundation for effective patient care in emergency situations.

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Test your knowledge of key terms from EMT Chapter 10 through these flashcards. Each term is defined to help you understand vital concepts related to emergency medical care. Perfect for preparing for exams or enhancing your understanding of EMT terminology.