Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is hemoglobin?
What is hemoglobin?
Found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen.
What function does insulin serve in the body?
What function does insulin serve in the body?
Enabling glucose to enter the cells.
What should you suspect about a 28-year-old female patient with type 1 diabetes who has been urinating excessively?
What should you suspect about a 28-year-old female patient with type 1 diabetes who has been urinating excessively?
Is significantly hyperglycemic.
How is diabetes MOST accurately defined?
How is diabetes MOST accurately defined?
The purpose of the endocrine system is to send ______________ throughout the body to control its function.
The purpose of the endocrine system is to send ______________ throughout the body to control its function.
What should you suspect for a 42-year-old male patient found unresponsive with a blood glucose level of 75 mg/dL?
What should you suspect for a 42-year-old male patient found unresponsive with a blood glucose level of 75 mg/dL?
What is another name for Glipizide?
What is another name for Glipizide?
When does diabetic ketoacidosis occur?
When does diabetic ketoacidosis occur?
What is the initial management for a confused 70-year-old male with type 2 diabetes?
What is the initial management for a confused 70-year-old male with type 2 diabetes?
What should an EMT do for a 31-year-old male with a seizure and cyanosis?
What should an EMT do for a 31-year-old male with a seizure and cyanosis?
What condition should a 70-year-old woman wearing compression stockings and blood-thinning medication be suspected of having?
What condition should a 70-year-old woman wearing compression stockings and blood-thinning medication be suspected of having?
Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for which condition?
Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for which condition?
When should oral glucose be given?
When should oral glucose be given?
What treatment should patients experiencing a sickle cell crisis receive to help improve perfusion?
What treatment should patients experiencing a sickle cell crisis receive to help improve perfusion?
What action should be taken for a 29-year-old female presenting with confusion and disorientation?
What action should be taken for a 29-year-old female presenting with confusion and disorientation?
What defines Type 1 diabetes?
What defines Type 1 diabetes?
The normal glucose range in non-fasting children and adults is ____________.
The normal glucose range in non-fasting children and adults is ____________.
What should you do if a 19-year-old male thinks he took his insulin but cannot remember if he ate?
What should you do if a 19-year-old male thinks he took his insulin but cannot remember if he ate?
Which of the following medications can an EMT administer to an unconscious diabetic patient?
Which of the following medications can an EMT administer to an unconscious diabetic patient?
What is likely to be revealed in the assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia?
What is likely to be revealed in the assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia?
When can you expect a patient with hypoglycemia to improve after treatment?
When can you expect a patient with hypoglycemia to improve after treatment?
Which symptom is the same in both hyperglycemic patients and hypoglycemic patients?
Which symptom is the same in both hyperglycemic patients and hypoglycemic patients?
What does the endocrine system produce and secrete?
What does the endocrine system produce and secrete?
What is insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?
What is insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?
Which of the following conditions is NOT a severe complication of diabetes?
Which of the following conditions is NOT a severe complication of diabetes?
What is the MOST important question to ask the wife of an unresponsive 45-year-old man with insulin-dependent diabetes?
What is the MOST important question to ask the wife of an unresponsive 45-year-old man with insulin-dependent diabetes?
What should the blood glucose level in a neonate be above?
What should the blood glucose level in a neonate be above?
When suspecting a diabetes-related problem, what should a secondary assessment focus on?
When suspecting a diabetes-related problem, what should a secondary assessment focus on?
What should you do for a conscious 27-year-old diabetic male with a blood glucose level of 56 mg/dL?
What should you do for a conscious 27-year-old diabetic male with a blood glucose level of 56 mg/dL?
What is the most commonly used type of oral glucose by EMS providers?
What is the most commonly used type of oral glucose by EMS providers?
One tube of oral glucose gel equals one ______-g dose.
One tube of oral glucose gel equals one ______-g dose.
What can seizures be caused by?
What can seizures be caused by?
What can altered mental status in diabetes be caused by?
What can altered mental status in diabetes be caused by?
In emergency medical care of a seizure, which position should the patient be placed in?
In emergency medical care of a seizure, which position should the patient be placed in?
Which of the following is considered a hematologic disorder?
Which of the following is considered a hematologic disorder?
In a healthy person, which component of blood has low levels?
In a healthy person, which component of blood has low levels?
___________ is a disorder in the body's ability to maintain the viscosity and smooth flow of blood through the venous and arterial systems.
___________ is a disorder in the body's ability to maintain the viscosity and smooth flow of blood through the venous and arterial systems.
Which complication is NOT associated with sickle cell disease?
Which complication is NOT associated with sickle cell disease?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of sickle cell crisis?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of sickle cell crisis?
What oxygen-delivering device is typically used when administering oxygen to a patient with a hematologic disorder?
What oxygen-delivering device is typically used when administering oxygen to a patient with a hematologic disorder?
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Study Notes
Hemoglobin
- A protein found in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.
Insulin
- Hormone that allows glucose to enter cells, crucial for energy production.
Hyperglycemia
- Suspected in patients with type 1 diabetes exhibiting excessive urination and altered mental status.
Diabetes
- Defined as a disorder of glucose metabolism, affecting the body's ability to use sugar.
Endocrine System
- Sends messages via hormones to control various functions in the body.
Intracranial Bleeding
- May be indicated by a patient with hemophilia exhibiting unresponsiveness, high blood pressure, low heart rate, and irregular respirations.
Glipizide
- Non-insulin diabetes medication marketed as Glucotrol.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- Occurs when insulin is absent, leading to severe metabolic disturbances.
Initial Management for Diabetic Patients
- Use a non-rebreathing mask at 15 L/min for confused, tachycardic, diabetic individuals.
Ventilatory Support
- Important for unresponsive patients showing rapid, shallow breathing and cyanosis.
Blood-Thinning Medications
- Suggest a possible condition of deep vein thrombosis in patients taking such medications.
Thrombophilia
- Increases the risk of pulmonary embolism due to abnormal blood clotting tendencies.
Oral Glucose Administration
- Recommended for patients with altered mental status and diabetes history.
Sickle Cell Crisis Management
- Administer supplemental oxygen to improve blood perfusion.
Type 1 Diabetes
- Characterized by complete absence of insulin production by the pancreas.
Normal Glucose Levels
- Non-fasting blood glucose should be maintained within 80-120 mg/dL.
Diabetes Management
- Immediate treatment for a hypoglycemic patient can show results right after administration.
General Symptoms in Diabetes
- Blood pressure readings remain consistent in both hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic patients.
Endocrine Hormones
- Produced and secreted by a complex network of glands within the endocrine system.
Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
- Results in impaired glucose utilization due to insulin deficiency.
Severe Diabetes Complications
- Liver failure is not classified among severe complications related to diabetes.
Patient Assessment
- Asking if insulin was taken is critical in evaluating unresponsive patients with diabetes.
Neonate Blood Glucose Levels
- Should be maintained above 70 mg/dL for healthy metabolic function.
Secondary Assessment Focus
- In diabetes evaluations, mental status and swallowing ability are key factors.
Administering Oral Glucose
- For conscious patients with low blood sugar, glucose can be given between the gums and cheek.
Oral Glucose Gel
- Commonly utilized by EMS, with one tube typically containing a 15g dose.
Seizures
- Can arise from hypoglycemia, necessitating immediate medical intervention.
Ketoacidosis and Altered Mental Status
- Common conditions associated with diabetes that may cause confusion.
Seizure Positioning
- Patients should be placed on their side during a seizure to protect their airway.
Hematologic Disorders
- Includes both sickle cell disease and hemophilia A, impacting blood characteristics.
Leukocyte Levels
- Generally low in healthy individuals; these white blood cells fight infection.
Thrombophilia Defined
- Refers to conditions that disrupt normal blood viscosity and flow.
Sickle Cell Disease Complications
- Congestive heart failure is not a usual complication of this hereditary condition affecting red blood cells.
Sickle Cell Crisis Symptoms
- Patients will typically not present with a weak and slow pulse.
Oxygen Delivery for Hematologic Disorders
- Non-rebreathing masks are frequently used to administer oxygen effectively.
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