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Empiricists vs Rationalists: Mind and Knowledge
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Empiricists vs Rationalists: Mind and Knowledge

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Questions and Answers

What is the key difference between the empiricist and rationalist views on the mind?

  • Empiricists believe the mind is entirely shaped by external sensory experience, while rationalists believe the mind has innate structures and principles.
  • Empiricists believe the mind is passive and acts automatically on sensations, while rationalists believe the mind is active and uses sensory information. (correct)
  • Empiricists believe the mind can only store sensory data, while rationalists believe the mind can add to and transform sensory information.
  • Empiricists believe the mind is inherently logical, while rationalists believe the mind relies on induction from experience.

    • Why do rationalists consider mathematics to be so important?

  • Mathematics is a purely rational discipline based on logical deduction and rules. (correct)
  • Mathematics provides empirical data that can be used to understand the world.
  • Mathematics allows empiricists to inductively derive universal principles.
  • Mathematics is the language in which the laws of nature are written.

    • What was Baruch Spinoza's key belief that led to his excommunication?

  • Spinoza believed that God, matter, and the mind were all aspects of the same substance. (correct)
  • Spinoza believed that the mind was entirely passive and automatically processed sensations.
  • Spinoza believed that sensory experience was the only source of true knowledge.
  • Spinoza believed in the separation of God, matter, and the mind.

    • How did Spinoza's views on the relationship between God, matter, and the mind differ from Descartes'?

    <p>Spinoza believed they were aspects of the same substance, while Descartes believed they were separate entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do empiricists and rationalists differ in their views on the role of logic and reasoning?

    <p>Empiricists believe logic and reasoning are only useful for organizing sensory data, while rationalists believe they can reveal truths about the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do empiricists and rationalists differ in their views on the origin of moral principles?

    <p>Empiricists believe moral principles are arbitrary, while rationalists believe they can be rationally justified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the ultimate goal of the philosopher discussed in the text?

    <p>To live an ethical and satisfying life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the philosopher view the relationship between mind and body?

    <p>As two aspects of the same living human being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the philosopher believe about the concept of free will?

    <p>Free will is an illusion, and humans are determined beings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the highest pleasure?

    <p>Understanding the necessity of nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the philosopher view emotions and passions?

    <p>Emotions lead to survival while passions hinder it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did the philosopher connect pleasure with survival?

    <p>By emphasizing entertainment of clear ideas as pleasurable and survival-conducive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What philosophical concept did the philosopher embrace regarding God and nature?

    <p>Pantheism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Mind-Body double aspectism' theory proposed by the philosopher implies that ________.

    <p>Mind and body are two sides of the same living human being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Panpsychism', as discussed in the text, asserts that ________.

    <p>'Plants and animals think too'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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