Empirical Science and Sense Perception
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Unit 3: Basic Scientific Theories?

  • The scientific method
  • The nature of science
  • The history of biology
  • Theories of evolution (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT an example of a sense perception object?

  • The weather
  • A plant
  • Goodness (correct)
  • A cow

    • What is the first step in the scientific method?

  • Theory formulation
  • Hypothesis formulation
  • Observation (correct)
  • Experimentation

    • What do empirical scientists aim to find out about sense perception objects?

    <p>The laws that govern their behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of studying Unit 3?

    <p>To understand scientific theories, especially evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is discussed in Unit 2?

    <p>The scientific method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of knowledge derived in empirical sciences?

    <p>It includes inductive generalisations, laws and theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a natural science?

    <p>Physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the topic that will expose students to different views about how life began?

    <p>Theories of evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last step in the scientific method?

    <p>Theory formulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between sense perception objects and values such as goodness or badness?

    <p>Sense perception objects can be observed with the senses, while values cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of empirical sciences?

    <p>Discovering the laws that govern the behavior of sense perception objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of discussing evolution in Unit 3?

    <p>To expose students to different views about how life began</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a topic discussed in Unit 3?

    <p>The scientific method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way of grouping scientific disciplines?

    <p>According to the moral values of the objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of physical sciences?

    <p>They study natural objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of theories in science?

    <p>To explain, predict and control phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did people think light was before the theory of optics was discovered?

    <p>Patches, shades of colour, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Louis Pasteur disprove in 1862?

    <p>The theory of spontaneous generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a scientific theory that explains the origin of life?

    <p>Theory of evolution by natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the scientist who discovered microorganisms in 1676?

    <p>Unspecified in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Renaissance scientists believe about microorganisms?

    <p>They originated from non-living matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the theory that explains how light travels?

    <p>Theory of optics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of scientific theories?

    <p>To explain, predict and control phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of being objective in science?

    <p>It can be verified by anyone using the same method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between science and non-science disciplines?

    <p>Methodology and systematic character of knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of science?

    <p>To explain, predict and control phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the structure of the cell and the structure of organs like the kidney?

    <p>The structure of the cell is a prerequisite to understanding the structure of organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of being systematic in science?

    <p>Each element is locally related and can be inferred from the others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the scientific method in defining the limitations of science?

    <p>It defines the limitations of science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of being reliable in science?

    <p>It enables us to adequately explain, predict and control phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the discussion on the differences between science and non-science disciplines?

    <p>To distinguish between science and non-science disciplines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the mechanism proposed by Lamarck for changes in species?

    <p>Use and disuse of a feature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main contribution of Darwin to the theory of evolution?

    <p>The idea that species change over time due to environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of organs not being used according to Lamarck's theory?

    <p>They become weaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Lamarck's theory in the history of evolution?

    <p>It stimulated people's interest in evolution and paved the way for Darwin's theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the observation that supports the hypothesis that species evolve?

    <p>The sequence of gradual changes in structure revealed in distinct layers of rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with the idea that acquired characteristics cannot be inherited?

    <p>Scientists in general</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the environment in Darwin's theory of evolution?

    <p>It is a major factor in the evolution of species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main flaw in Lamarck's theory of evolution?

    <p>Acquired characteristics cannot be inherited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sense Perception and Empirical Sciences

    • Sense perception objects include the human body, animals, natural objects, weather, diseases, plants, and insects, which can be observed with the senses or measured with instruments.
    • Empirical scientists observe, experiment, and find laws to understand how things originate, grow, develop, function, and relate to each other.
    • Knowledge derived from empirical sciences includes inductive generalizations, laws, and theories.

    Classification of Scientific Disciplines

    • One way to group scientific disciplines is by the method of investigation, which includes empirical sciences and non-empirical sciences.
    • Another way to group scientific disciplines is by the class of objects or phenomena they deal with, such as natural sciences, which include physical sciences, biological sciences, and others.

    Natural Sciences

    • Natural sciences deal with all natural objects and include sub-branches like physical sciences, biological sciences, and others.
    • Physical sciences include disciplines like physics, chemistry, geology, applied mathematics, astronomy, and others.

    Characteristics of Science

    • Science is objective, meaning that anyone using the same method can prove or verify claims.
    • Science is systematic, meaning that all elements in a body of knowledge are logically related and can be inferred from each other.
    • Science is reliable, meaning that it can explain, predict, and control phenomena.

    Limitations of Science

    • Science has limitations defined by its method of obtaining knowledge, which is the scientific method.

    Theories of Evolution

    • Scientific theories enable us to explain, predict, and control phenomena.
    • Examples of scientific theories include the theory of universal gravitation, the theory of evolution by natural selection, atomic theory, genetic theory, relativity theory, and quantum theory.

    Evolution before Darwin

    • In ancient times, people believed that organisms originated spontaneously from non-living matter.
    • In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it was widely believed that bacteria originated spontaneously.
    • Louis Pasteur disproved the theory of spontaneous generation in 1862.
    • Lamarck proposed that acquired characteristics were passed to offspring, but this was later found to be incorrect.

    Darwin's Contribution to Evolution

    • Darwin's greatest contribution was laying the foundation for an evolutionary theory by noting that species change over time and the environment is a factor in that change.
    • His theory was simpler and more explanatory than Lamarck's theory.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the concepts of sense perception and empirical sciences, including the observation and measurement of natural objects and living things.

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