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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of Unit 3: Basic Scientific Theories?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a sense perception object?
What is the first step in the scientific method?
What do empirical scientists aim to find out about sense perception objects?
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What is the expected outcome of studying Unit 3?
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What is discussed in Unit 2?
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What is a characteristic of knowledge derived in empirical sciences?
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Which of the following is an example of a natural science?
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What is the topic that will expose students to different views about how life began?
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What is the last step in the scientific method?
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What is the main difference between sense perception objects and values such as goodness or badness?
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What is the main focus of empirical sciences?
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What is the purpose of discussing evolution in Unit 3?
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What is NOT a topic discussed in Unit 3?
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Which of the following is NOT a way of grouping scientific disciplines?
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What is the main characteristic of physical sciences?
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What is the primary function of theories in science?
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What did people think light was before the theory of optics was discovered?
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What did Louis Pasteur disprove in 1862?
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What is an example of a scientific theory that explains the origin of life?
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What is the name of the scientist who discovered microorganisms in 1676?
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What did Renaissance scientists believe about microorganisms?
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What is the name of the theory that explains how light travels?
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What is the primary purpose of scientific theories?
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What is the primary characteristic of being objective in science?
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What is the main difference between science and non-science disciplines?
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What is the primary purpose of science?
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What is the relationship between the structure of the cell and the structure of organs like the kidney?
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What is the main characteristic of being systematic in science?
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What is the significance of the scientific method in defining the limitations of science?
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What is the primary characteristic of being reliable in science?
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What is the main purpose of the discussion on the differences between science and non-science disciplines?
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What was the mechanism proposed by Lamarck for changes in species?
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What is the main contribution of Darwin to the theory of evolution?
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What is the result of organs not being used according to Lamarck's theory?
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What is the significance of Lamarck's theory in the history of evolution?
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What is the observation that supports the hypothesis that species evolve?
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Who is credited with the idea that acquired characteristics cannot be inherited?
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What is the significance of the environment in Darwin's theory of evolution?
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What is the main flaw in Lamarck's theory of evolution?
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Study Notes
Sense Perception and Empirical Sciences
- Sense perception objects include the human body, animals, natural objects, weather, diseases, plants, and insects, which can be observed with the senses or measured with instruments.
- Empirical scientists observe, experiment, and find laws to understand how things originate, grow, develop, function, and relate to each other.
- Knowledge derived from empirical sciences includes inductive generalizations, laws, and theories.
Classification of Scientific Disciplines
- One way to group scientific disciplines is by the method of investigation, which includes empirical sciences and non-empirical sciences.
- Another way to group scientific disciplines is by the class of objects or phenomena they deal with, such as natural sciences, which include physical sciences, biological sciences, and others.
Natural Sciences
- Natural sciences deal with all natural objects and include sub-branches like physical sciences, biological sciences, and others.
- Physical sciences include disciplines like physics, chemistry, geology, applied mathematics, astronomy, and others.
Characteristics of Science
- Science is objective, meaning that anyone using the same method can prove or verify claims.
- Science is systematic, meaning that all elements in a body of knowledge are logically related and can be inferred from each other.
- Science is reliable, meaning that it can explain, predict, and control phenomena.
Limitations of Science
- Science has limitations defined by its method of obtaining knowledge, which is the scientific method.
Theories of Evolution
- Scientific theories enable us to explain, predict, and control phenomena.
- Examples of scientific theories include the theory of universal gravitation, the theory of evolution by natural selection, atomic theory, genetic theory, relativity theory, and quantum theory.
Evolution before Darwin
- In ancient times, people believed that organisms originated spontaneously from non-living matter.
- In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it was widely believed that bacteria originated spontaneously.
- Louis Pasteur disproved the theory of spontaneous generation in 1862.
- Lamarck proposed that acquired characteristics were passed to offspring, but this was later found to be incorrect.
Darwin's Contribution to Evolution
- Darwin's greatest contribution was laying the foundation for an evolutionary theory by noting that species change over time and the environment is a factor in that change.
- His theory was simpler and more explanatory than Lamarck's theory.
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of sense perception and empirical sciences, including the observation and measurement of natural objects and living things.
