Empirical Questions & Causality Flashcards

A question that can be answered by collecting data.

It requires a researcher to describe some aspect of behavior.

<p>It requires a researcher to determine what causes something to happen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Collect data about current behavior = First step</li> <li>Change the suspected cause = Second step</li> <li>Do not change anything else = Third step</li> <li>Collect data about subsequent behavior = Fourth step</li> <li>Compare data collected before &amp; after the change was made = Fifth step</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Something inside the participants changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Something outside the participants changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The initial data collection may bias participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How one collects the pre-test data may differ from how the post-test data are collected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sometimes the pre-test scores are extreme, causing post-test scores to be different regardless of interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maturation, History, Testing, Instrumentation, Regression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Collect data about current behavior = First step</li> <li>Experimental group - change the suspected cause = Second step</li> <li>Control group - don't change the suspected cause = Third step</li> <li>Don't change anything else = Fourth step</li> <li>Collect data about subsequent behavior = Fifth step</li> <li>Compare data collected before &amp; after the change was made = Sixth step</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prediction about the study's outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Argues that the terminology of science must be totally objective and precise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All concepts should be defined in terms of a set of operations to be performed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that our understanding of a behavioral phenomenon is increased when a series of investigations converge on a common conclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research in psychology that concerns describing, predicting, and explaining fundamental principles of behavior and mental processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research that has direct and immediate relevance to the solution of real-world problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research that occurs inside a controlled environment of a laboratory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research that takes place in an environment that more closely matches daily living.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refers to how closely a study mirrors real-life experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concerns the extent to which a research study has an impact on the subjects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person working for the experimenter and is part of the experimental procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data collected and presented in the form of numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Results of research presented not as analytic narratives summarizing the project's main outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiments that take place in the field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any empirical research outside of the laboratory, including both experimental and non-experimental studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different features in the environment that participants might encounter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Giving groups of participants different kinds of problems to solve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variables manipulated by asking different groups to perform a particular task in different ways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A label for the first situation in an experiment in which the treatment is present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The second type of condition in an experiment, in which treatment is withheld.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variables that are not of interest to the researcher but might influence the behavior being studied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any uncontrolled extraneous variable that covaries with the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurs when the average scores for different groups in the study are so high that no difference can be determined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurs when all scores are extremely low because the task is too difficult for everyone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Considered to be a threat to internal validity when the mere fact of taking a pretest affects posttest scores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A problem when there are changes in the measurement instrument from pretest to posttest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurs when groups are not equivalent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AKA subject mortality; the problem of people dropping out of studies before they are completed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refers to the adequacy of the operational definitions for both the independent and dependent variables used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree to which research findings generalize beyond the specific context of the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research with relevance for the everyday cognitive activities of people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree to which an experiment is methodologically sound and confound-free.</p> Signup and view all the answers