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Questions and Answers
What role does the amygdala play in emotional decision making?
What role does the amygdala play in emotional decision making?
Which of the following factors are likely to influence decision making according to the content?
Which of the following factors are likely to influence decision making according to the content?
What characteristic of the options is highlighted as influencing decision making?
What characteristic of the options is highlighted as influencing decision making?
Which area of the brain is specifically mentioned as having a role in emotional information recall?
Which area of the brain is specifically mentioned as having a role in emotional information recall?
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What is a potential impact of lesions in the amygdala?
What is a potential impact of lesions in the amygdala?
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How do current emotions impact decision making?
How do current emotions impact decision making?
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What is one of the expected outcomes of making a decision?
What is one of the expected outcomes of making a decision?
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Which statement about emotional memory is true?
Which statement about emotional memory is true?
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What was the primary focus of Bechara et al. (1999) in their research?
What was the primary focus of Bechara et al. (1999) in their research?
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At which point in the game did participants provide feedback about their feelings?
At which point in the game did participants provide feedback about their feelings?
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What significant finding did Bechara et al. (1997) report regarding good and bad decks in the IGT?
What significant finding did Bechara et al. (1997) report regarding good and bad decks in the IGT?
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What percentage of control participants were aware of the advantageous decks early on in the IGT?
What percentage of control participants were aware of the advantageous decks early on in the IGT?
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What does the term 'vmPFC' refer to in the context of the studies?
What does the term 'vmPFC' refer to in the context of the studies?
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What type of participants were compared to vmPFC patients in the studies?
What type of participants were compared to vmPFC patients in the studies?
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What physiological response was measured in conjunction with the choices made during the IGT?
What physiological response was measured in conjunction with the choices made during the IGT?
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What does the research imply about the decision-making abilities of those with vmPFC damage?
What does the research imply about the decision-making abilities of those with vmPFC damage?
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What do somatic cues indicate when playing the gambling game?
What do somatic cues indicate when playing the gambling game?
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What does the somatic marker hypothesis primarily suggest about decision-making?
What does the somatic marker hypothesis primarily suggest about decision-making?
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In the context of the deck selection, which of the following describes 'bad decks'?
In the context of the deck selection, which of the following describes 'bad decks'?
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In the context of skin conductance, what was observed in the study by Bechara et al. (1997)?
In the context of skin conductance, what was observed in the study by Bechara et al. (1997)?
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What impact does skin conductance have on the evaluation of deck choices?
What impact does skin conductance have on the evaluation of deck choices?
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What role does the amygdala play according to the somatic marker hypothesis?
What role does the amygdala play according to the somatic marker hypothesis?
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What is criticized in the instruction 'Tell me all you know about what is going on in this game'?
What is criticized in the instruction 'Tell me all you know about what is going on in this game'?
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Which of the following contrasts the conscious and unconscious aspects of the somatic marker hypothesis?
Which of the following contrasts the conscious and unconscious aspects of the somatic marker hypothesis?
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According to the content, what can be concluded about unconscious knowledge in this context?
According to the content, what can be concluded about unconscious knowledge in this context?
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What can be said about the differences between skin conductance responses to good and bad decks?
What can be said about the differences between skin conductance responses to good and bad decks?
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What does variability in responses indicate in the context of gambling results?
What does variability in responses indicate in the context of gambling results?
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Which of the following best describes the pre-punishment phase in Bechara et al.'s study?
Which of the following best describes the pre-punishment phase in Bechara et al.'s study?
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What should instructions in this gambling context ideally accomplish?
What should instructions in this gambling context ideally accomplish?
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How does the somatic marker hypothesis link emotional states with reasoning?
How does the somatic marker hypothesis link emotional states with reasoning?
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In a modified version of the game, the expected outcome for bad decks is:
In a modified version of the game, the expected outcome for bad decks is:
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the somatic marker hypothesis?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the somatic marker hypothesis?
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What is the primary role of the amygdala in decision-making?
What is the primary role of the amygdala in decision-making?
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How does damage to the vmPFC affect decision-making?
How does damage to the vmPFC affect decision-making?
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What happens to individuals with amygdala damage during the Iowa Gambling Task?
What happens to individuals with amygdala damage during the Iowa Gambling Task?
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In the context of good and bad decks in the Iowa Gambling Task, what is the significance of the skin conductance response?
In the context of good and bad decks in the Iowa Gambling Task, what is the significance of the skin conductance response?
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What is a consequence of amygdala damage according to the findings discussed?
What is a consequence of amygdala damage according to the findings discussed?
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What distinguishes the functions of the amygdala and vmPFC in decision-making?
What distinguishes the functions of the amygdala and vmPFC in decision-making?
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Which psychological process is most affected by lesions in the amygdala?
Which psychological process is most affected by lesions in the amygdala?
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Which statement best describes the relationship between physiological changes and emotions?
Which statement best describes the relationship between physiological changes and emotions?
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What type of decks are typically chosen more frequently by individuals with damage to the amygdala?
What type of decks are typically chosen more frequently by individuals with damage to the amygdala?
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What was a key finding in the research by Siegel et al. (2018) regarding emotions?
What was a key finding in the research by Siegel et al. (2018) regarding emotions?
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What emotional state is pivotal for selecting decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task?
What emotional state is pivotal for selecting decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task?
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What does the James-Lange theory suggest about emotions?
What does the James-Lange theory suggest about emotions?
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What aspect of decision-making does skin conductance response reveal?
What aspect of decision-making does skin conductance response reveal?
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According to the findings mentioned, how do informed individuals react to injected adrenaline?
According to the findings mentioned, how do informed individuals react to injected adrenaline?
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What criticism does the text present regarding the idea that emotions solely depend on physiological responses?
What criticism does the text present regarding the idea that emotions solely depend on physiological responses?
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How do people who lack peripheral inputs experience emotions, according to the content?
How do people who lack peripheral inputs experience emotions, according to the content?
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What aspect of emotions is emphasized in the findings of Schachter and Singer (1962)?
What aspect of emotions is emphasized in the findings of Schachter and Singer (1962)?
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What is a misconception about emotions that is corrected by the content?
What is a misconception about emotions that is corrected by the content?
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What conclusion can be drawn from the criticism of the James-Lange theory regarding peripheral arousal?
What conclusion can be drawn from the criticism of the James-Lange theory regarding peripheral arousal?
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What does the term 'emotional categories' refer to in the context provided?
What does the term 'emotional categories' refer to in the context provided?
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Study Notes
Emotion and Decision-Making
- The concept of "emotion" is a complex and difficult topic, with scientists and laypeople often disagreeing on its definition.
- Two core issues: are there universal "basic emotions", and what's the role of physiological change in emotion?
- Darwin (1872) believed there are seven basic emotions: Anger, Fear, Surprise, Sadness, Disgust, Enjoyment.
- Ekman (1992) suggested criteria for basic emotions, including rapid onset, brief duration, unbidden occurrence, distinctive universal signals, and specific physiological correlates.
- A dimensional view of emotions suggests emotions can be placed on a spectrum of arousal and valence.
- The James-Lange Theory posits that physiological changes follow perception, leading to the feeling of an emotion.
- Critiques of the James-Lange Theory include the idea that people can experience emotions without peripheral arousal, and that peripheral changes aren't sufficient to differentiate emotions.
- The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is used to study the link between brain, body, emotion, and decision-making. It involves choosing cards from four decks with different payout structures.
- Participants with vmPFC damage often show poor performance on the IGT, suggesting a role for the vmPFC in decision-making that involves emotions.
- The somatic marker hypothesis proposes that subconscious physiological responses, encoded in the amygdala, influence decision-making.
Lecture Structure
- The first part explores the nature of emotions and their relationship with bodily states.
- Part two is an account of how the brain, body, emotion, and decision-making are linked, discussing the role of particular brain areas.
- Part three provides a critique of this view on the link between emotions and decision making.
Learning Outcomes
- Contrast the idea of basic emotions with the dimensional view.
- Explain how the Iowa Gambling Task works and what it shows.
- Describe the somatic marker hypothesis and the different brain regions involved.
- Explain the criticisms of the Iowa Gambling Task.
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Description
Explore the complex relationship between emotion and decision-making in this quiz. Delve into theories like Darwin's basic emotions and the James-Lange Theory to understand how emotions influence our choices. Test your knowledge of key concepts and notable research in the field.
