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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is one of Emile Durkheim's famous works?
Which of the following is one of Emile Durkheim's famous works?
- The Interpretation of Dreams
- The Communist Manifesto
- The Suicide (correct)
- The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
Which concept is central to Emile Durkheim's sociological theory?
Which concept is central to Emile Durkheim's sociological theory?
- Social Fact (correct)
- Symbolic Interaction
- Class Struggle
- Rational Choice
Which of the following is considered a characteristic of social facts?
Which of the following is considered a characteristic of social facts?
- Generality (correct)
- Originality
- Temporality
- Subjectivity
According to Durkheim, what is the focus of sociology as opposed to psychology?
According to Durkheim, what is the focus of sociology as opposed to psychology?
What does Durkheim mean by 'collective conscience'?
What does Durkheim mean by 'collective conscience'?
Which of the following is a feature of collective conscience?
Which of the following is a feature of collective conscience?
What is the term for concepts or categories of thought shared among people that facilitate communication?
What is the term for concepts or categories of thought shared among people that facilitate communication?
Which methodological rule is associated with studying social facts?
Which methodological rule is associated with studying social facts?
In Durkheim's methodology, what is the purpose of the 'rules of distinction'?
In Durkheim's methodology, what is the purpose of the 'rules of distinction'?
What is Durkheim's 'rules of generalization' primarily used for?
What is Durkheim's 'rules of generalization' primarily used for?
According to Durkheim's definition, suicide is:
According to Durkheim's definition, suicide is:
Which of the following factors did Durkheim consider in his theory of suicide?
Which of the following factors did Durkheim consider in his theory of suicide?
In Durkheim's theory, what is a 'suicidogenic current'?
In Durkheim's theory, what is a 'suicidogenic current'?
According to Durkheim, the rate of suicide is inversely proportional to what?
According to Durkheim, the rate of suicide is inversely proportional to what?
Which type of suicide is associated with too much social integration?
Which type of suicide is associated with too much social integration?
What type of suicide results from a lack of social regulation, leading to a sense of normlessness?
What type of suicide results from a lack of social regulation, leading to a sense of normlessness?
Which type of suicide is linked to excessive regulation and a sense of hopelessness?
Which type of suicide is linked to excessive regulation and a sense of hopelessness?
Which type of suicide stems from low social integration and a sense of detachment from society?
Which type of suicide stems from low social integration and a sense of detachment from society?
What makes Durkheim's study of suicide significant in the field of sociology?
What makes Durkheim's study of suicide significant in the field of sociology?
Which perspective criticizes Durkheim’s concept of collective conscience for overemphasizing shared reality and neglecting individual agency?
Which perspective criticizes Durkheim’s concept of collective conscience for overemphasizing shared reality and neglecting individual agency?
Durkheim's work on suicide is considered a major milestone because:
Durkheim's work on suicide is considered a major milestone because:
Which of these concepts is associated with Karl Marx, not Emile Durkheim?
Which of these concepts is associated with Karl Marx, not Emile Durkheim?
What is the focus of Durkheim's 'Rules of Observation' when studying social phenomena?
What is the focus of Durkheim's 'Rules of Observation' when studying social phenomena?
Why did Durkheim study suicide?
Why did Durkheim study suicide?
What is one of the defining characteristics of a 'material' social fact?
What is one of the defining characteristics of a 'material' social fact?
Which of the following is an example of a non-material social fact?
Which of the following is an example of a non-material social fact?
What is a key component of collective conscience?
What is a key component of collective conscience?
Which one of following perspectives is NOT categorized as criticism of social facts?
Which one of following perspectives is NOT categorized as criticism of social facts?
Which of the following is NOT categorized as social influences of Emile Durkheim?
Which of the following is NOT categorized as social influences of Emile Durkheim?
Which of the following is NOT one of the important steps for Methodology for Studying Social facts?
Which of the following is NOT one of the important steps for Methodology for Studying Social facts?
Which statement is correct about rules of generalizations?
Which statement is correct about rules of generalizations?
What is one of the components of Collective Conscience?
What is one of the components of Collective Conscience?
Which one of the following concepts is related to collective representation?
Which one of the following concepts is related to collective representation?
Which one of the following is NOT an example of finding of the data in context of the theory of suicide?
Which one of the following is NOT an example of finding of the data in context of the theory of suicide?
Flashcards
Social Fact
Social Fact
Collective ways of acting, thinking and feeling that exert external constraints on individuals, existing independently of individual manifestations and diffused throughout society.
Collective Conscience
Collective Conscience
The degree to which members share beliefs and sentiments.
Collective Representation
Collective Representation
A concept or category of thought held similarly by many, allowing effective communication.
Rules of Observation
Rules of Observation
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Rules of Distinction
Rules of Distinction
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Suicide (Social Fact)
Suicide (Social Fact)
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Suicide Generalization
Suicide Generalization
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Altruistic Suicide
Altruistic Suicide
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Anomic Suicide
Anomic Suicide
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Egoistic Suicide
Egoistic Suicide
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Fatalistic Suicide
Fatalistic Suicide
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Study Notes
Emile Durkheim
- Best known for his works:
- "Social Division of Labor"
- "Rules of Sociological Method"
- "The Suicide"
- "Totemism - Elementary Form of Religious Life"
Social Influences
- Include political instability
- Issue of education
- Panama Canal Issue
- Alfred Dreyfus Issue
Intellectual Influences
- Include Montesquieu, who wrote about Rousseau - General will
- Saint Simon
- Charles Bernard Renouvier
- Emile Boutroux
- Ferdinand Tonnies
- Gustav Friedrich Schmoller
- Fustel de Coulanges
Social Fact
- Social facts are collective ways of acting, thinking, and feeling
- They can exercise external constraints on individual members
- Social facts are generally diffused throughout societies
- Social facts can exist independently of individual manifestation
Characteristics of Social Facts
- Social facts exhibit externality
- Social facts exhibit generality
- Social facts exhibit constraint
- Social facts exhibit independence
- Social facts exhibit an enduring quality
- Social facts are of a dynamic nature
- Social facts are interdependent
Types of Social Facts
- Material social facts
- Non-material social facts
Criticisms of Social Facts
- Include criticisms from Gabriel Tarde
- Harry Elmer Bayons
- Stephen Lukes
- Peter Berger
- Max Weber
- Timasheff
- R. K. Merton
Collective Conscience
- The collective conscience is the totality of beliefs and sentiments common to the average members of society
Collective Conscience: More Information
- Features:
- Independent existence
- Wholistic
- Perpetual
- Variations
- Forceful
- Social solidarity
- Components:
- Volume
- Intensity
- Rigidity
- Content
Collective Conscience (CC): Criticism
- Over socialized conception of the individual
- Concern with shared reality only
- Marxists Perspective
- Durkheim even criticized CC
- Fails to highlight diversity
- Could not understand internal dynamics
Collective Representation (CR)
- Collective representation is a concept or category of thought held in a sufficiently similar form by many persons to allow effective communication.
- Examples of collective representation:
- Shiv-linga
- A flag
- Features of collective representation:
- Narrow and specific
- Over and above individual
- Temporal span
- Internal dynamics
Methodology for Studying Social Facts
- Rules of observation
- Rules of distinction
- Rules of generalization
- Rules of classification
Methodology: Rules of Observation
- Must be empirical
- Eliminate subjective bias
- Collectivity over individuality
- Specificity
Methodology: Rules of Distinction
- Normal vs. Pathological
- Comparative method
Methodology: Rules of Generalization and Rules of Classification
- Rules of Generalization:
- Causal Generalization
- Functional Generalization
- Rules of Classification:
- Structural/ Morphological Social facts
- Institutional/Non-Institutional Facts
Suicide (Social Fact)
- Suicide is defined as all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim, knowing it will have this effect
- This is important for study
Theory of Suicide: More Information
- Climatic
- Geographical
- Racial theory
- Psychological
- Behavioral
- Imitation
- Demography
Theory of Suicide: More Information
- Suicido-Genic Current
- Multivariate Analysis:
- Religion
- Gender
- Marriage
- Political upheaval
Theory of Suicide: More Information
- Overall Generalization: Rate of suicide is inversely proportional to the degree of solidarity
- Typology of Suicide:
- Excessive Integration/ Lack of Integration
- Excessive Regulation/ Lack of Regulation
Typology of Suicide
- Anomic Suicide: Not much regulation
- Altruistic Suicide: Too much integration
- Fatalistic Suicide: Too much regulation
- Egoistic Suicide: Not enough integration
Significance of Suicide
- The study of suicide represents a major milestone
- The study employed a comprehensive approach
- The study used scientific methodologies
Criticisms of Suicide
- Role of Imitation
- Psychological career
- Individuality
- Data may not be infallible
- There is no generalization
- Over-emphasis on religion
- No data on suicide
- Phenomenological perspective
Relevance of Theory of Suicide: In Indian Context
- Can be relevant to fatalistic suicide
- Can be relevant to egoistic suicide
- Can be relevant to altruistic suicide
- Can be relevant to anomic suicide
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