Emerging Technologies Chapter 1

Study Notes

Emerging Technologies (ET) encompasses new technologies or the ongoing development of existing technologies expected within the next 5-10 years.
ET is significant in creating substantial social and economic impacts.
Key concepts include the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technology development comparable to platforms, Web and Mobile development, and Application Programming Interface (API) standards.

ET stems from the Greek word "tekhnologia," meaning systematic treatment of an art or craft.
Evolution refers to gradual change; from the Latin "evolutio," meaning an unrolling or opening.
Currently emerged technologies include AI, Blockchain, AR/VR, Cloud Computing, DevOps, IoT, Intelligent Apps, Big Data, and Robotic Process Automation (RPA).

The Industrial Revolution (IR), spanning the late 1700s to early 1800s, marked a transition to machine-based production using new energy sources like coal.
It began in England, leading to urban migration due to factory job availability.

First IR (IR 1.0): Introduced mechanization and steam power, altering production methods from hand to machine-driven.
Second IR (IR 2.0): Initiated around 1870, focused on the manufacturing of interchangeable parts and widespread adoption of communication systems like the telegraph.
Third IR (IR 3.0): Coined the "Digital Revolution," it began in the late 1950s with the shift from analog to digital electronics, enabling mass production of computers and the Internet.

Coined by Klaus Schwab in 2016, IR 4.0 includes advancements in robotics, IoT, additive manufacturing, and autonomous vehicles.
Major influence of cyber-physical systems that integrate computer-based algorithms with the Internet.
Examples include Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines, AI applications in smartphones, and automated robots.

Data is termed the "new oil," driving scientific, technological, and economic futures.
It presents challenges but also opportunities for innovation.
Data science and analytics are increasingly recognized for their roles in theory, economy, and professional development across diverse disciplines.

Basic types of enabling devices in digital systems include Memory, Microprocessors, Logic devices, and Networks.
Memory devices store data while microprocessors execute software tasks.
Networks facilitate data sharing between connected devices, with the internet as a prime example.
Programmable devices include FPGAs, CPLDs, PLDs, and analog equivalents like field-programmable analog arrays.

HMI refers to communication between humans and machines via interfaces.
Natural user interfaces allow intuitive control of machines through gestures.
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) focuses on the user experience and improving interactions, emphasizing ease of use and minimizing complexity.

Emerging technology trends for 2019 included 5G networks, AI, autonomous devices, blockchain, augmented analytics, digital twins, and immersive experiences.
By 2024, trends are expected to feature AI-generated content, quantum computing, further 5G expansion, AR in retail, IoT in smart cities, biotechnology in agriculture, autonomous vehicles, blockchain applications beyond cryptocurrency, and space tourism.
Technologies like chatbots and virtual/augmented reality are already impacting daily lives and businesses, highlighting the need for adaptability in the face of rapid technological change.