Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases Surveillance Agencies

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which surface projections on pathogens are mostly made of glycoproteins or lipoproteins and adhere to complementary receptors on host cells?

Collagenase

Capsules

Kinase

Fimbriae (correct)

What type of receptor on host cells do adhesins commonly adhere to?

Lipids

Proteins

Sugars (correct)

Nucleic acids

Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of the “intercellular cement,” facilitating tissue penetration of pathogens?

Coagulase

IgA protease

Kinase

Hyaluronidase (correct)

What provides attachment and resistance to antimicrobial agents for pathogens?

Capsules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aids pathogens in overcoming host defenses by avoiding the host’s immune system?

Capsules Signup and view all the answers

What strategy do Salmonella and E.coli use to penetrate host cells by causing actin of the host cell’s cytoskeleton to form a basket?

Invasins production Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inflammation?

To destroy pathogens and limit the spread of infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Pallor Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) from phagocytes?

Endotoxin Signup and view all the answers

Which step of phagocytosis involves the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes?

Destruction and digestion Signup and view all the answers

What specialized proteins are involved in the process of inflammation?

Fibrinogen and bradykinin Signup and view all the answers

Which element acts as the body's thermostat during inflammation?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transferrins in the body?

To bind serum iron Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which white blood cells move out of the blood vessels and into the tissues?

Diapedesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the immune system marks pathogens for destruction by coating them with antibodies or complement proteins?

Opsonization Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the system that consists of a series of proteins that work together to help eliminate pathogens from the body?

Complement system Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential danger of having a body temperature above 40.7°C (105°F)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of cells towards a chemical stimulus, such as a cytokine?

Chemotaxis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of organizations like CDC, NIH, and WHO?

Surveillance and response to emerging diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a zoonosis?

Lyme disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for any nonliving object used in the spread of infection?

Fomite Signup and view all the answers

What type of transmission occurs through airborne droplets from saliva or mucus?

Droplet transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for infections acquired as a result of a hospital stay?

Nosocomial infections Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a vector transmission?

Arthropods carrying pathogens from one host to another Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Kirby-Bauer test?

To determine the susceptibility of an organism to a series of antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the rise of antibiotic resistance?

Improper use of antibiotics, such as failing to complete the prescribed regimen Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics?

Multi-drug resistant bacteria Signup and view all the answers

How do resistance genes spread between bacteria?

Through horizontal gene transfer Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that bacteria can resist antibiotics?

By producing an enzyme that destroys the antibiotic Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics?

Evolution of antibiotic resistance Signup and view all the answers