Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases Surveillance Agencies
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Questions and Answers

Which surface projections on pathogens are mostly made of glycoproteins or lipoproteins and adhere to complementary receptors on host cells?

  • Collagenase
  • Capsules
  • Kinase
  • Fimbriae (correct)
  • What type of receptor on host cells do adhesins commonly adhere to?

  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Sugars (correct)
  • Nucleic acids
  • Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of the “intercellular cement,” facilitating tissue penetration of pathogens?

  • Coagulase
  • IgA protease
  • Kinase
  • Hyaluronidase (correct)
  • What provides attachment and resistance to antimicrobial agents for pathogens?

    <p>Capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aids pathogens in overcoming host defenses by avoiding the host’s immune system?

    <p>Capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy do Salmonella and E.coli use to penetrate host cells by causing actin of the host cell’s cytoskeleton to form a basket?

    <p>Invasins production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inflammation?

    <p>To destroy pathogens and limit the spread of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

    <p>Pallor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) from phagocytes?

    <p>Endotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step of phagocytosis involves the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes?

    <p>Destruction and digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specialized proteins are involved in the process of inflammation?

    <p>Fibrinogen and bradykinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element acts as the body's thermostat during inflammation?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transferrins in the body?

    <p>To bind serum iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which white blood cells move out of the blood vessels and into the tissues?

    <p>Diapedesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the immune system marks pathogens for destruction by coating them with antibodies or complement proteins?

    <p>Opsonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the system that consists of a series of proteins that work together to help eliminate pathogens from the body?

    <p>Complement system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential danger of having a body temperature above 40.7°C (105°F)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of cells towards a chemical stimulus, such as a cytokine?

    <p>Chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of organizations like CDC, NIH, and WHO?

    <p>Surveillance and response to emerging diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a zoonosis?

    <p>Lyme disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for any nonliving object used in the spread of infection?

    <p>Fomite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission occurs through airborne droplets from saliva or mucus?

    <p>Droplet transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for infections acquired as a result of a hospital stay?

    <p>Nosocomial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a vector transmission?

    <p>Arthropods carrying pathogens from one host to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Kirby-Bauer test?

    <p>To determine the susceptibility of an organism to a series of antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the rise of antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Improper use of antibiotics, such as failing to complete the prescribed regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics?

    <p>Multi-drug resistant bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do resistance genes spread between bacteria?

    <p>Through horizontal gene transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that bacteria can resist antibiotics?

    <p>By producing an enzyme that destroys the antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics?

    <p>Evolution of antibiotic resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

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