Questions and Answers
You should ______ the volume of the ventilations.
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Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for a 55-year-old man with chronic bronchitis and increased respiratory distress?
What is the best option for transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress who refuses a nonrebreather mask?
In the case of an intubated patient with increased resistance to ventilations, this may indicate that:
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What is anatomy?
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What is physiology?
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What is the primary reason for an EMT to use specific and proper medical terminology?
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Which word has a prefix that means rapid?
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Why would it be beneficial to have the dispatcher clarify a prefix for the word plegia?
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What is the anatomical position?
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The inside of a person's thigh is also known as its ________ aspect.
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What is another term for the frontal aspect of the body?
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The mouth is proximal to the nose.
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Which of the following describes the Fowler position?
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Physiology is the study of ________.
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Which of the following best describes the medical condition of shock?
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Which term describes the heart muscle's ability to generate its own electrical impulses?
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What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the lungs?
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An artery is a blood vessel that only:
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A clot cannot form without which blood component?
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What component of blood helps form clotting factors?
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The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart is the ________ blood pressure.
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What is the inferior-most portion of the sternum?
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Where can you palpate a malleolus?
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In Type 1 diabetes, which gland does not secrete enough insulin?
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Which of the following best defines adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
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The movement of ions across the cell membrane is needed to accomplish repolarization. What cell structure is used to prepare for depolarization?
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What is the basic nutrient of the cell and the building block for energy?
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The balance between oncotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure is critical to regulating what?
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What is the correct order of air flow from the nose to the alveoli in the lungs?
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A decreased number of red blood cells is a condition called?
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Shock occurs as a result of which of the following?
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Stroke volume depends on a series of factors: one is the force the myocardial muscle exerts to move the blood. What is this known as?
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When you place your finger in an infant's palm, she grasps it with her fingers. This is an example of which reflex?
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A 26-month-old toddler is reported to have a slow heart rate of 64. This heart rate suggests that it is:
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What would be a normal set of vitals for a 4-year-old male patient?
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Middle adulthood is the stage of life from ________ to ________ years.
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Which of the following is not a common psychosocial challenge of late adulthood?
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Patients in late adulthood are likely to face which of the following challenges?
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What is the stage of development characterized by several physiological and psychosocial changes, second only to those seen in infancy or adolescence?
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You are assessing a 12-year-old male patient who has been involved in a bicycle accident. This patient would be classified as being in which stage of life?
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What is the soft spot on the surface of an infant's skull called?
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Patients in late adulthood often undergo all of the following changes to their health except:
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The high-pitched sound caused by an upper airway obstruction is known as?
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Which of the following structures is found in the lower airway?
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All of the following can result in airway obstructions except?
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Which of the following is a sign of an inadequate airway?
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The jaw-thrust maneuver is the only ________ airway procedure for an unconscious patient with possible head, neck, or spine injury.
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Which of the following is an advantage of using a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)?
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The trachea is easily obstructed by swelling.
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You are ventilating an 85-year-old male without difficulty. A nurse tells you that the patient has dentures. To ensure a good mask seal, you should:
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To be effective, a suction unit must be able to generate airflow of at least ________ liters per minute and create a vacuum of no less than ________ mmHg.
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What signs and symptoms would indicate inadequate breathing in a patient?
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Why is inhalation described as an active process?
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The normal urge to breathe is stimulated by chemoreceptors that measure changing levels of what two gases?
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What is the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood called?
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A patient presents with labored breathing and an increased respiratory rate, with vital signs of a normal skin color and a pulse oximetry reading of 96. This patient is suffering from respiratory:
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You are treating a motorcyclist who was ejected and is unresponsive to stimuli and breathing shallowly. What should you do first?
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Which of the following is true concerning the procedure for inserting a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)?
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Not all inspired air reaches the alveoli. This is called:
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Which of the following patients should not be transported in a stair chair?
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Which of the following refers to a program or process for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of an EMS system?
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In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged which agency with the development of emergency medical service standards?
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Why is research published in a medical journal more authoritative than information in a typical article published in an EMS magazine?
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What has the modern emergency medical services (EMS) system been developed to provide?
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Which of the following is the primary responsibility of the EMT?
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During the new employee orientation, the training officer explains to the new EMTs about taking courses for recertification. What is the best reason for this?
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The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) was founded to establish which of the following?
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You have just come on duty. Why is documenting three sets of vital signs important?
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Which of the following best describes a list of steps the EMT should perform while assessing and managing emergency medical situations?
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How can the EMT best prove the worth of the special bandages?
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Which of the following descriptions best defines the term pathogen?
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What is the primary reason for an EMT to change gloves between contacts with different patients?
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Which of the following pathogens can live in dried blood for days and should be a major concern for EMS providers?
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What is the name of the federal act that mandates a procedure for emergency healthcare providers to find out if they have been exposed to life-threatening diseases?
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Which of the following is the form of stress that can cause immediate and long-term problems with an EMT's health and well-being?
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The body's three-stage response to a stressful stimulation is known as general ________ syndrome.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder may be described as a(n):
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Your regular EMT partner has been having trouble sleeping and coping since the last serious call. What should you recommend?
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A family member who keeps pleading with a deceased loved one to 'wake up' is experiencing which reaction to death and dying?
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Critical Incident Stress Debriefings (CISDs):
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Which of the following best describes body mechanics?
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Which of the following factors least needs to be considered before lifting any patient?
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Which of the following is another name for the squat-lift position?
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Which of the following is not correct when performing a log roll?
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You and your partner arrive on the scene of a 400-pound patient. What should you decide to do?
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Where should you position the weight of the object being lifted?
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During an emergency move, which technique should be used to minimize aggravating a possible spinal injury?
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You are treating an unconscious patient without a spinal injury who is breathing adequately. What is the best position for transporting the patient?
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What is the likely impact of power stretchers on EMS?
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Which type of consent must be used by the EMT when seeking to treat a mentally competent adult?
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The administration of oxygen and the application of spinal immobilization are part of which of the following for the EMT?
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Your patient is a 40-year-old known diabetic found unconscious at work. What type of consent allows you to treat this patient?
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The EMT's obligation to provide care to a patient is known as which of the following?
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Your patient is a 45-year-old man suffering from chest pain who refuses transport. What is an appropriate means of getting the patient the care he needs?
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Which of the following situations best illustrates the act of abandonment by the EMT?
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An off-duty EMT does not stop to help at a vehicle accident. Is she negligent?
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Sharing information about a patient's medical history with your neighbor would constitute which of the following?
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While documenting a call, you add a false statement about a doctor. This could constitute which of the following?
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You respond to a bus accident with multiple patients. A local politician wants you to treat his wife first. This becomes what type of decision for you as an EMT?
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What is the distinction between anatomy and physiology?
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Study Notes
Nasopharyngeal Airway Insertion
- Always turn the bevel of the nasopharyngeal airway toward the nasal septum or base of the nostril during insertion.
Respiratory Concepts
- Dead air space refers to 150 mL of inspired air that does not reach the alveoli.
Patient Transport Guidelines
- Patients with a suspected spinal injury should not be transported in a stair chair.
EMS Quality Assurance
- The term "Quality Improvement" refers to the processes for evaluating and enhancing the effectiveness of emergency medical services.
EMS Standards Development
- The U.S. Department of Transportation was charged in 1966 by the National Highway Safety Act to develop emergency medical service standards.
Medical Research Authority
- Research published in medical journals is more authoritative due to its original and peer-reviewed nature.
EMS Provision Goals
- The modern EMS system aims to provide hospital-quality care at the emergency scene and during transport.
EMT Responsibilities
- EMTs prioritize maintaining personal health and safety while on duty.
Continuous Education in EMS
- Continuous EMT training is essential as EMS evolves in response to evidence-based research.
National EMS Certification
- The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) was established to set national standards for EMS personnel.
Vital Signs Documentation
- Documenting three sets of vital signs is crucial for trending a patient's condition over time.
Protocol Definitions
- The term "Protocols" describes the steps EMTs should follow when assessing and managing medical emergencies.
Evaluating Medical Equipment
- Conducting a literature search to find studies on the efficacy of medical supplies can help justify their costs to medical directors.
Definitions of Pathogens
- A pathogen is defined as an organism that causes infection and disease.
Infection Control
- Changing gloves between patient contacts is necessary to prevent the spread of infection.
Concerns about Specific Pathogens
- Hepatitis B can survive in dried blood for several days and poses a significant risk for EMS providers.
Exposure Notification Law
- The Ryan White CARE Act mandates procedures for emergency healthcare providers to learn about potential exposures to life-threatening diseases.
Stress Response
- Distress describes stress that leads to immediate and long-term health issues for EMTs.
Body's Stress Response Phases
- The body reacts to stressors through a three-stage response known as general adaptation syndrome.
Understanding Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
- Posttraumatic stress disorder is classified as a delayed stress reaction.
Family Reactions to Grief
- Denial is a common reaction, exemplified by a family member pleading for a deceased loved one to wake up.
Critical Incident Stress Debriefings (CISDs)
- CISDs are now less common in practice and were often replaced with shorter "defusings."
Importance of Body Mechanics
- Proper body mechanics involve the effective use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving patients.
Factors in Patient Lifting
- Key considerations before lifting a patient include personal physical limitations and the weight of the patient.
Lifting Techniques
- The squat-lift position is also known as the power lift.
Log Roll Technique
- Incorrectly placing both feet flat on the ground diminishes the effectiveness of the log roll maneuver.
Handling Large Patients
- When dealing with large patients unable to assist, calling for additional manpower is the safest approach.
Weight Positioning in Lifting
- Always keep the weight of any object being lifted as close to the body as possible.
Patient Transport Technique
- Moving a patient in the direction of the long axis of the body can help prevent further spinal injury.
Best Transport Position for Unconscious Patients
- The recovery position is the best option for transporting an unconscious but adequately breathing patient without spinal injury.
Impact of Power Stretchers
- Power stretchers can significantly reduce injuries among EMTs.
Types of Consent
- Expressed consent is needed when treating a mentally competent adult.
Scope of Practice
- Oxygen administration and spinal immobilization fall under the EMT's scope of practice.
Implied Consent Situations
- Implied consent applies when treating an unconscious patient who cannot provide consent.
Duty to Act
- EMTs have a legal and ethical obligation to provide care, known as the duty to act.
Managing Patient Refusal
- Engaging the patient to understand their refusal of care is a crucial step in obtaining appropriate treatment.
Abandonment in EMT Services
- Leaving a patient in the waiting room without advising ED staff after transport constitutes abandonment.
Duty to Act Considerations
- An off-duty EMT is not negligent for failing to assist in emergencies if there is no legal duty to act.
Confidentiality Violations
- Sharing patient medical history based on radio scanner calls constitutes a breach of confidentiality.
False Statements in Documentation
- Adding false statements about a local doctor during documentation could lead to legal repercussions like libel.
Ethical Decision-Making in EMS
- Ethical decisions often involve prioritizing patient needs and avoiding conflicts of interest.
Anatomy vs. Physiology
- Anatomy focuses on body structure, whereas physiology involves studying bodily functions.
Importance of Medical Terminology
- Accurate medical communication is vital for ensuring clarity and consistency in patient care.
Rapid Breathing Terminology
- Tachypnea refers to rapid breathing, with "tachy" denoting speed in its prefix.
Clarifying Medical Terms
- Clarifying terms such as "plegia" helps EMTs prepare effectively for patient encounters.### Communication with Patients
- Effective communication is crucial; avoid medical jargon to ensure clear understanding with patients.
- Using accessible language helps build rapport and ensures the patient grasps important information.
Anatomical Terms
- Anatomic position: Standing, facing forward, arms at the side, palms facing forward.
- Medial aspect refers to the inside of the thigh, whereas the lateral aspect refers to the outside.
Body Orientation
- The frontal aspect of the body is termed anterior.
- Proximal and distal terms are relative to the trunk; the foot is distal to the knee.
- Fowler position: Sitting upright with legs straight.
Physiology and Blood Components
- Physiology studies body function; shock is a state of inadequate tissue perfusion.
- Heart muscle can generate electrical impulses due to its automaticity; platelets are essential for clot formation.
Blood Vessels and Pressure
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart; systolic blood pressure measures pressure against blood vessel walls during heart contractions.
- A decreased number of red blood cells leads to anemia.
Respiratory System
- Air flows from the nose through various structures to reach the alveoli; these structures include the nasopharynx, hypopharynx, and trachea.
- Signs of inadequate airway include nasal flaring and gurgling, while stridor indicates upper airway obstruction.
Pediatric Considerations
- The trachea in pediatric patients is more susceptible to swelling, requiring careful airway management.
- Normal heart rate for a toddler ranges between 100-140 BPM; a rate lower than this can be of concern.
Emergency Response
- When assisting an unresponsive patient, prioritize ventilation support using a bag-valve mask.
- Adjusting the volume of ventilations may be necessary if pulse strength decreases during bag-valve ventilation.
- A motorcyclist's unresponsiveness after an accident indicates the need for immediate oxygen support.
Oxygen Management and Patient Comfort
- For patients in respiratory distress, using a nasal cannula can provide sufficient oxygen without causing further agitation.
- In chronic respiratory conditions, increasing oxygen flow can help meet tissue oxygen needs; bag-rebreathing techniques should be avoided.
Conclusion
- Understanding of anatomy, physiology, and effective communication enhances patient care during emergencies.
- Continuous assessment of vitals and clear interventions based on patient response are essential for EMTs.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on emergency respiratory management strategies with our quiz designed for healthcare professionals. Focus on case scenarios involving chronic bronchitis and patient transport decisions when administering ventilations. Challenge yourself with critical thinking questions related to intubated patients and respiratory distress.
