Emergency Preparedness and Fire Safety
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Questions and Answers

What is Class 1 hazardous location classification associated with?

  • Toxic substances
  • Ignitable fibres
  • Combustible dust
  • Flammable vapours and gases (correct)

    • Which factor is considered the most critical in emergency response plans?

  • How to protect people, property, and the environment (correct)
  • Emergency personnel
  • Emergency equipment needed
  • Response to multiple emergencies

    • What is the correct name for the NFPA standards for fire prevention?

  • National Fire Code (correct)
  • Fire Safety Standards
  • Uniform Building Fire Code
  • NFPA Code of Fire standards

    • What does 'autoignition temperature' refer to?

    <p>Temperature at which a material burns without an ignition source (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements are needed simultaneously for combustion to start?

    <p>Fuel, heat, source of ignition, and air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important consideration to prevent fire loss in flammable liquids storage areas?

    <p>Compatible storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is carbon monoxide (CO) particularly dangerous in a fire?

    <p>Only (b) and (c) above. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a vapor density of less than 1 indicate about gaseous products of combustion?

    <p>They tend to rise to high spots. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the fire point defined?

    <p>Higher than flash point (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Boyle's law state about the relationship between pressure and volume at constant temperature?

    <p>Volume is inversely proportional to pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas law describes the relationship between volume and temperature at constant pressure?

    <p>Charles's law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Gay-Lussac's law, pressure is related to which factor at constant volume?

    <p>Absolute temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Avogadro's law imply regarding the volume of an ideal gas at constant temperature and pressure?

    <p>Volume is directly proportional to the number of molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the combined gas law combine?

    <p>Boyle's law, Charles's law, and Gay-Lussac's law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for heat conduction?

    <p>Q = K(A/L)(T1 - T2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In convection, heat is transferred due to what?

    <p>Movement of molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radiation heat transfer does not depend on what?

    <p>The medium through which it travels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate volume of hydrogen released from a cylinder originally holding 5 ft3 at 1,000 psig after the valve breaks?

    <p>5,000 ft3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three modes of heat transfer?

    <p>Evaporation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the flash point of a flammable liquid?

    <p>The lowest temperature at which it gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what percentage of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) is a gas considered potentially explosive?

    <p>100% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the auto-ignition temperature?

    <p>The temperature at which a substance spontaneously ignites without external heat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a flammable mixture when it exceeds the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)?

    <p>No flame propagation occurs with ignition sources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for converting % Vol to PPM?

    <p>% Vol x 10,000 = PPM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)' refer to?

    <p>The minimum concentration of vapor in air for flame propagation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas law describes the relationship between temperature and volume of a gas?

    <p>Charles' law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of LEL is typically considered safe for entry into a confined space?

    <p>1% of LEL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas law relates the pressure and volume of a gas?

    <p>Boyle's law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Flash Point

    The lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid will produce enough vapor to ignite and quickly burn out.

    Fire Point

    The lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid will generate enough vapor to ignite and sustain a continuous fire.

    Autoignition Temperature

    The lowest temperature at which a fuel will ignite without any external source of ignition like a spark or flame.

    Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

    The minimum concentration of a flammable vapor in air below which a flame will not propagate.

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    Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

    The maximum concentration of a flammable vapor in air above which a flame will not propagate.

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    Boyle's Law

    The volume occupied by a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted on it at a constant temperature.

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    Charles's Law

    The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure.

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    Gay-Lussac's Law

    The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant volume.

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    Avogadro's Law

    Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.

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    Combined Gas Laws

    A combination of Boyle's, Charles's, and Gay-Lussac's Laws. It relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas.

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    Ideal Gas Law

    Combines Avogadro's law and the combined gas law, showing the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature for a fixed mass of gas.

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    Conduction

    The transfer of heat through a substance by direct contact of molecules.

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    Convection

    The transfer of heat through a fluid by the movement of heated fluid molecules.

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    Radiation

    The transfer of heat through electromagnetic radiation, independent of a medium.

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    Wet Pipe Sprinkler

    A sprinkler system that uses water as its primary extinguishing agent. It activates when the water temperature drops below a certain point.

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    Class 1 Hazardous Location

    Flammable vapors and gases are the primary hazard in this class.

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    Class 2 Hazardous Location

    Combustible dust poses a fire and explosion hazard in this class.

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    Class 3 Hazardous Location

    Ignitable fibers like fabric and paper are the key hazard in this class.

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    Most critical emergency response factor

    The most critical factor in emergency response planning is protecting people, property, and the environment.

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    NFPA fire standards

    The NFPA standards for fire prevention and protection are called the National Fire Code.

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    Why is CO dangerous in fires?

    Carbon monoxide (CO) is deadly in fires because it binds to the blood, preventing oxygen transport.

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    Vapor Density of Combustion Products

    The gaseous products of combustion are lighter than air, so they rise.

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    Study Notes

    Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prevention, and Security

    • Domain 5 covers emergency preparedness, fire prevention, and security.
    • Main topics include flash point, fire point, auto-ignition temperature, lower explosive limit (LEL), upper explosive limit (UEL), and sprinkler systems.
    • Safety Catch Pvt. Ltd. is a training and consulting company.

    Flash Point

    • The flash point is the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid releases enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture.
    • When exposed to a flame, the mixture will briefly ignite and quickly extinguish itself.

    Fire Point

    • The fire point is the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid produces enough vapor to sustain continuous burning.
    • The burning continues until the liquid is consumed or the source of ignition is removed.

    Auto-Ignition Temperature

    • The auto-ignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which a substance ignites in the absence of an external ignition source (like a flame or spark).
    • This temperature is always higher than both flash point and fire point.

    Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

    • The lower explosive limit (LEL) is the minimum concentration of flammable vapor in air that will support combustion.
    • Below this concentration, a flame will not propagate.

    Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

    • The upper explosive limit (UEL) is the maximum concentration of flammable vapor in air that will support combustion.
    • Above this concentration, the mixture is too "rich" and the flame will not propagate.

    Work Permit for Confined Spaces

    • A work permit is required for entry into a confined space if the concentration of flammable vapors is less than 0.5% of the lower explosive limit (LEL).

    Gas Explosive Percentage

    • A gas becomes explosive at 5% of its LEL.

    Conversions

    • Percentage by volume (Vol %) to parts per million (PPM): (Vol %) x 10,000 = PPM
    • LEL to PPM: (% LEL) x (LEL(Vol %)) x 100 = PPM
    • PPM to mg/m³: (mg/m³) x 24.45 = PPM
    • MW = Molar Weight

    NFPA Fire Diamond

    • The NFPA fire diamond provides a standardized system for classifying the hazards of materials.
    • It is divided into four sections: health hazard (blue), flammability (red), reactivity (yellow), and specific hazard (white).
    • Each section is rated on a scale of 0 to 4, with 4 representing the most severe hazard.

    Modes of Heat Transfer

    • Heat transfer can occur through conduction, convection, and radiation.
    • Heat conduction passes through a substance without any movement of molecules.
    • Convection transfers heat by the movement of fluids or gases.
    • Radiation transmits heat across a space without any medium.

    Sprinkler Systems

    • Common types of sprinkler systems include dry pipe, wet pipe, deluge, and pre-action.

    Hazardous Location Classification

    • Hazardous locations are classified into different classes based on the type of hazardous substance present.
    • Class 1 involves flammable vapors and gases.
    • Class 2 involves combustible dusts.
    • Class 3 involves ignitable fibers.

    Critical Factor in Emergency Response Plans

    • The most crucial factor in developing emergency response plans is how to protect people, property, and the environment.

    Standards for Fire Prevention

    • The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) develops fire prevention and protection standards.

    Autoignition Temperature vs. Ignition Temperature

    • The autoignition temperature is the minimum temperature needed for a material to ignite without any external ignition source.
    • This is always higher than the ignition temperature.

    Combustion Reactions

    • For combustion, fuel, oxygen, and an ignition source are required simultaneously.

    Flammable Liquid Storage Considerations

    • The most important factor to prevent fire loss in a flammable liquid storage area is compatible storage.

    Carbon Monoxide in Fire

    • Carbon monoxide (CO) is a major cause of fatalities in fires because it is a highly toxic gas that reacts with blood more readily than oxygen, causing asphyxiation as it displaces oxygen in the lungs.

    Gaseous Products of Combustion

    • Gaseous products of combustion usually have a vapor density below 1. This means they remain above the fire.

    Fire Point vs. Flash Point

    • The fire point is always higher than the flash point because it relates to the temperature at which the vapor of the substance will sustain continuous burning.

    Lower Flammability Limit (LFL)

    • An LFL of 10% means a substance needs air concentration of under 10% for combustion to take place.

    Oxidizers

    • Materials classified as oxidizers must be stored separately from flammables as they can release oxygen or catalyze combustion reactions
    • they may even produce heat and act as a source of ignition when combined.

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    Fire and Emergency Preparedness PDF

    Description

    This quiz tests your knowledge on emergency preparedness, fire prevention, and security protocols. Key topics include flash point, fire point, auto-ignition temperature, and safety systems like sprinklers. Ideal for those involved in safety training and consulting.

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