Emergency Preparedness and Fire Safety

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Questions and Answers

What is the flash point of a flammable liquid?

The temperature at which it spontaneously ignites

The lowest temperature at which it gives off vapor to ignite (correct)

The temperature at which it can no longer burn

The maximum temperature before it forms an explosive mixture

At what concentration of flammable vapors should a work permit for confined space entry be issued?

100% of LEL (correct)

1% of LEL

10% of LEL

0.5% of LEL

What is a correct statement regarding the auto-ignition temperature?

It requires an external ignition source

It is always lower than the flash point

It is the highest temperature for ignition

It is always higher than both flash point and fire point (correct)

Which gas law relates volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure?

Charles' Law Signup and view all the answers

What does the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) signify?

The minimum concentration for flame propagation Signup and view all the answers

How can 1 PPM of benzene be converted to mass per volume concentration?

Apply the formula Mg/m3 x 24.45 Signup and view all the answers

What should be true about the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)?

It is the maximum concentration where flame propagation does not occur Signup and view all the answers

For a mixture containing 50% methane (LEL 5%) and 50% propane (LEL 2%), how can the LEL be calculated?

Using LEL of each gas in a weighted average Signup and view all the answers

What is Boyle's Law primarily concerned with?

The relationship between gas volume and pressure at constant temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which law states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature?

Boyle's law Signup and view all the answers

What does Avogadro's law relate to in terms of gas properties?

Volume and number of molecules at constant temperature and pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature for a fixed mass of gas?

PV = nRT Signup and view all the answers

How does heat transfer by conduction occur?

From hotter to colder parts without movement of molecules Signup and view all the answers

In the context of convection, what does the heat transfer coefficient (H) account for?

Rate of heat transfer in fluids Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of heat transfer does not require any medium for the transfer of energy?

Radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary relationship defined by Gay-Lussac's law?

Pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature at constant volume Signup and view all the answers

Which equation is correctly associated with radiation heat transfer?

Q = εσA(T^4) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the combined gas law?

It interrelates pressure, volume, and temperature for a fixed mass of gas. Signup and view all the answers

Given a cylinder of hydrogen at 5 ft³ under 1,000 psig pressure, what would be the approximate volume of hydrogen released into the atmosphere if the valve breaks?

5,000 ft³ Signup and view all the answers

Which class of hazardous location is characterized by the presence of flammable vapours and gases?

Class 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as the most critical factor to address in emergency response plans?

How to protect people, property, and the environment Signup and view all the answers

What are the standards developed by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) for fire prevention known as?

National Fire Code Signup and view all the answers

What defines the autoignition temperature of a material?

It is the minimum temperature for combustion without an ignition source. Signup and view all the answers

What simultaneous elements are required for combustion reactions to occur?

Fuel, heat, source of ignition, and air Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration to prevent fire loss in a storage area for flammable liquids?

Compatible storage Signup and view all the answers

Why is carbon monoxide (CO) particularly dangerous in fire situations?

It is the most toxic of all gases produced in fire. Signup and view all the answers

In a fire situation, the gaseous products of combustion exhibit a vapor density of less than 1. This implies that the air is at which location?

Low spot Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between fire point and flash point?

Fire point is higher than flash point. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most effective method to protect against explosions in storage areas?

Flame arrestors and pressure relief devices Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Domain 5: Emergency Preparedness, Fire Prevention, and Security

This domain covers emergency preparedness, fire prevention, and security measures.

Flash Point

The flash point is the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture.
When exposed to a flame, the mixture will ignite momentarily and self-extinguish.

Fire Point

The fire point is the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid produces vapors dense enough to sustain continuous burning.

Autoignition Temperature

The autoignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which a fuel will spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere without an external ignition source.
This temperature is always higher than the flash point and the fire point.

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

The LEL is the minimum concentration of vapor in air below which flame propagation doesn't occur in the presence of an ignition source.
A work permit for entry into a confined space is required when the flammable vapor concentration is less than 0.5% of the LEL.

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

The UEL is the maximum concentration of vapor in air above which flame propagation will not happen in the presence of an ignition source.

Conversions

%Vol to PPM: % Volume x 10,000 = PPM
LEL to PPM: % LEL x LEL(%Vol) x 100 = PPM
PPM to mg/m³: Mg/m³ x 24.45 = PPM (MW)

NFPA Fire Diamond

The NFPA Fire Diamond is used for hazard classification based on health, flammability, reactivity, and specific hazard.
It uses color codes (blue, red, yellow, white) to indicate the level of risk in each hazard category.

Sprinkler Systems

Different types of sprinkler systems are available, including dry pipe, wet pipe, deluge, and pre-action systems.

Hazardous Location Classification

Hazardous locations are classified based on the presence of flammable vapors and gases, combustible dust, or ignitable fibers. Different classifications have various specific factors to consider.

Gas Laws

Gas laws describe the behavior of gases, focusing on volume, pressure, temperature, and the amount (number of moles) of gas.
Key gas laws include Boyle's law, Charles's law, Gay-Lussac's law, Avogadro's law, combined gas law, and the ideal gas law.

Modes of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer occurs through these three modes:
- Conduction: Heat transfer within a body without molecule movement.
- Convection: Heat transfer in fluids (liquids and gases) due to the movement of molecules or mass transfer.
- Radiation: Heat transfer between bodies without involving the medium's molecules.

Emergency Response Plans

A critical factor in emergency response plans is the protection of people, property, and the environment.

Important Calculations

Specific calculation examples are provided for conversions and mixture calculation. Specific application details are given for each calculation as an example.

Additional Notes

Several example questions and their respective analysis are included.
These notes provide a comprehensive overview of fire prevention and emergency preparedness concepts.

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Description

This quiz tests your knowledge on emergency preparedness, fire prevention, and the essential concepts related to fire safety. Topics include flash point, fire point, autoignition temperature, and lower explosive limit. Prepare to assess your understanding of these crucial safety measures.