Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal when immediate control of a brush fire is not possible?
Which option best describes the recommended tactic when water supply is limited during a fire?
In which scenario should back-firing be considered as a tactic?
What is the preferred mixture of Class A foam for direct/mobile attack?
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Which natural fire barriers can be utilized in grass fire situations?
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What is a primary consideration when establishing a command post?
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What is the primary consideration when fighting fire in unfamiliar terrain?
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What is the first action to take if a direct water attack is not feasible?
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What should company officers consider when dispatching a grass rig?
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Which action is NOT advised when assessing fire safety?
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In what situation should you definitely be cautious and prepare for danger?
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What is considered critical for maintaining crew safety during firefighting operations?
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Which of the following is a warning sign that indicates potential danger?
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What should be prioritized when engaging in firefighting tactics?
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Which of the following actions would be a critical mistake in firefighting?
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What is a significant reason for posting lookouts while fighting fire?
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Which condition during the day generally increases fire danger the most?
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What is the primary reason mop-up operations are necessary after a wildfire?
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How does topography most significantly affect fire behavior?
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What effect does a slight decrease in relative humidity have on fire intensity?
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What role does fuel type play in wildfire dynamics in the Tulsa area?
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During what time of day is increased fire behavior typically most erratic?
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Which factor is not typically a concern when assessing topography for fire potential?
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What is a dangerous consequence of severe winds during a wildfire?
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What is the primary reason for beginning an attack from a safe anchor point during wildland fire operations?
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Which guideline emphasizes the need for teamwork during firefighting operations?
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Why is it important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when fighting wildland fires?
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What is a precaution you should take when driving apparatus in difficult terrain during firefighting?
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What does the guideline 'Attack from the black' imply?
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Study Notes
Weather Considerations
- Awareness of shifting weather conditions is crucial; local winds and humidity significantly impact fire behavior.
- Hot, dry conditions can lead to rapid fire spread; even a small decrease in humidity increases fire intensity.
- Peak fire danger typically occurs between 12:00 and 16:00.
- Fire can move faster than a person can run and create dangerous convection currents causing erratic behavior and spot fires ahead of the fire front.
Fuel Characteristics
- Tulsa's fire fuels are light and burn rapidly, necessitating close monitoring post-fire to eliminate embers from heavier fuels.
- Mop-up operations focus on preventing embers from igniting new fuel sources.
Topography Effects
- Fires burn uphill more quickly than downhill, creating spot fires on the descent.
- Access challenges arise from rough terrain; companies need to assess fuel, topography, and exposure risks to structures.
- Important considerations include assessing the location of access roads and natural fire breaks.
Command Structure
- Establish a safe command post and divisions quickly; it should remain stationary with potential helicopter access.
- Command post location is pivotal to facilitate operations regardless of fire direction changes.
Tactical and Strategic Approaches
- Brush fires can spread over vast areas; strategic attack positions are critical.
- Prioritize aggressive action to halt the fire's progress or protect exposures if immediate control isn't viable.
- Direct water application is the quickest control method; other defensive strategies may be necessary when direct attack isn't feasible.
- Protect structures and allow the fire to burn to a more manageable location when needed.
- In water-scarce situations, target burning materials instead of pre-wetting unburned fuel.
Resource Management
- Maintain wet conditions for seriously exposed structures.
- Structural companies should be deployed for exposure protection; grass rigs can remain mobile.
- Utilize natural fire barriers (sandy washes, roads, trails) during large grass fires.
- Class A foam is effective for both suppression and exposure protection; use a 1% mixture in direct attacks and higher concentrations for mop-ups.
Safety and Precautions
- Back-firing is risky and should be a last resort due to terrain and fire size.
- Adhere to standard firefighting orders for safety:
- Stay informed about weather and fire behavior; identify escape routes and safety zones.
- Maintain clear and prompt communication; ensure instructions are understood.
- Act aggressively, prioritizing safety at all times.
Warning Situations
- Be vigilant for critical situations indicating potential danger, such as unscouted fire areas and unfamiliar terrain conditions.
- Specific cautions include fighting fires in darkness, not having a clear anchor point, and being unaware of fire behavior influencing factors.
Critical Firefighting Concepts
- Approach fires from burned areas (the black).
- Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
- Operate in teams of at least two for safety.
- Secure enough support early on and utilize a spotter in challenging terrain.
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Description
This quiz covers strategic and tactical considerations outlined in the Tulsa Fire Department's Emergency Operating Guidelines. Focus areas include the establishment of command posts, site selection, and management of brush fires. Understand the critical tactics for efficient emergency response.