EOG 300 pg 51-54 Wildland fires
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal when immediate control of a brush fire is not possible?

  • To allow the fire to reach a natural barrier
  • To aggressively attack the fire from multiple angles
  • To protect exposed structures around the fire (correct)
  • To mobilize additional resources for backup

Which option best describes the recommended tactic when water supply is limited during a fire?

  • Using foam for suppression instead of water
  • Applying water directly to the burning material (correct)
  • Wetting the fuel ahead of the fire
  • Using alternate water sources such as ponds

In which scenario should back-firing be considered as a tactic?

  • When natural barriers are present
  • During the initial attack phase of a fire
  • As a last resort (correct)
  • For small fires in urban areas

What is the preferred mixture of Class A foam for direct/mobile attack?

<p>1% for effective suppression and exposure protection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which natural fire barriers can be utilized in grass fire situations?

<p>Dry sandy washes and rock outcroppings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary consideration when establishing a command post?

<p>It should be in a safe location unaffected by changing fire directions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when fighting fire in unfamiliar terrain?

<p>Access and the hazards with getting apparatus into rough and unstable country (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action to take if a direct water attack is not feasible?

<p>Develop a defensive strategy to protect exposures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT advised when assessing fire safety?

<p>Fighting fire aggressively without safety measures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should company officers consider when dispatching a grass rig?

<p>Taking structural apparatus for mobile water supply (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation should you definitely be cautious and prepare for danger?

<p>When building fireline downhill with fire below (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered critical for maintaining crew safety during firefighting operations?

<p>Having a clear communication link with crew members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a warning sign that indicates potential danger?

<p>Getting frequent spot fires across the line (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized when engaging in firefighting tactics?

<p>Attack from the black (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions would be a critical mistake in firefighting?

<p>Ignoring changing weather conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason for posting lookouts while fighting fire?

<p>To be informed of any possible dangers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition during the day generally increases fire danger the most?

<p>Increased temperatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason mop-up operations are necessary after a wildfire?

<p>To prevent new ignitions from occurring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does topography most significantly affect fire behavior?

<p>It affects the speed at which fire spreads uphill versus downhill (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a slight decrease in relative humidity have on fire intensity?

<p>It significantly increases fire intensity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does fuel type play in wildfire dynamics in the Tulsa area?

<p>Light fuels burn rapidly and create quick fire spread (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During what time of day is increased fire behavior typically most erratic?

<p>Mid-afternoon, particularly between 12:00 and 16:00 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not typically a concern when assessing topography for fire potential?

<p>The elevation of the terrain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a dangerous consequence of severe winds during a wildfire?

<p>They create erratic fire behavior and spot fires (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for beginning an attack from a safe anchor point during wildland fire operations?

<p>To provide a clear escape route if needed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which guideline emphasizes the need for teamwork during firefighting operations?

<p>Work in crews of at least two (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when fighting wildland fires?

<p>It protects against environmental hazards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a precaution you should take when driving apparatus in difficult terrain during firefighting?

<p>Use a spotter when necessary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the guideline 'Attack from the black' imply?

<p>Begin fire suppression in already burned areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Base all actions on ____ and expected behavior of the fire

<p>Current</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify _____ routes and ____ zones and make them know

<p>Escape safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Weather's Impact on Fire

Weather conditions, especially wind and humidity, play a significant role in how quickly and intensely a fire spreads.

Fire Behavior in Hot Conditions

Hot, dry conditions create ideal conditions for quick fire spread. Even slightly lower humidity intensifies the fire.

Peak Fire Danger Time

The time between 12:00 and 16:00 is typically when fire danger is at its highest.

Fire's Speed and Convection

Fires can move faster than a person can run, creating unpredictable air currents and creating spot fires ahead of the main blaze.

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Tulsa Fire Fuels

Tulsa's fire fuels burn quickly. After a fire, careful attention is needed to prevent remaining embers in heavier fuels from reigniting.

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Mop-up Operations

Mop-up operations focus on preventing any remaining embers from starting new fires.

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Fire Behavior on Slopes

Fires move uphill faster than downhill, often causing spot fires on the way down.

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Topography's Impact on Firefighting

Difficult terrain makes access challenging for firefighters. Careful assessment of fuel, topography, and potential risks to structures is crucial.

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Access Roads and Fire Breaks

Access roads and natural fire breaks should be considered when assessing fire risk and planning strategies.

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Command Post Importance

A safe and well-equipped command post should be established quickly and remain in a stationary location for effective coordination.

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Command Post Location

The command post should be positioned to facilitate operations even if fire direction changes.

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Brush Fire Strategic Attacks

Brush fires can spread over large areas, making strategic attack positions vital for effective firefighting.

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Immediate Fire Control

Prioritize aggressive action to stop the fire's spread or protect structures if immediate control is not possible.

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Direct Attack vs. Defensive Strategies

Direct water application is the fastest way to control a fire. Other defensive strategies are needed when direct attack isn't feasible.

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Protecting Structures

Protecting structures is a priority, even if it requires allowing the fire to burn in a controlled way.

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Water Conservation in Firefighting

In areas with limited water, focus on applying water directly to burning material rather than pre-wetting unaffected areas.

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Protecting Exposed Structures

Maintain a wet environment around vulnerable structures to minimize their risk of catching fire.

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Utilizing Different Firefighting Units

Structural companies should be assigned to protect structures, while grass rigs remain mobile to maneuver around the fire.

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Natural Fire Barriers

Natural barriers, like sandy washes, roads, or trails, can serve as fire breaks during large grass fires.

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Class A Foam Uses

Class A foam is effective for both suppressing fires and protecting structures. Use a 1% mixture for direct attacks and higher concentrations for mop-up.

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Risks of Back-firing

Back-firing is a risky technique due to terrain and fire size. It should be used as a last resort.

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Firefighting Safety Orders

Always follow standard firefighting safety orders to prioritize personal safety and minimize risks.

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Staying Aware of Risks

Stay informed about weather, fire behavior, and have escape routes and safety zones identified.

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Communication in Firefighting

Maintain clear and prompt communication, ensuring everyone understands instructions and updates.

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Aggressive but Safe Tactics

Act aggressively to control the fire, but prioritize safety and sound judgment in all actions.

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Recognizing Warning Signs

Pay attention to potential warning signs, such as uncharted fire areas, unfamiliar terrain, and lack of awareness of fire behavior influencing factors.

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Approach Fires from Burned Areas

Approach fires from already burned areas for safer access and better visibility.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for your role and the fire's conditions.

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Teamwork in Firefighting

Work with at least one other firefighter for safety and mutual support during fire operations.

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Support and Spotters

Ensure you have enough support and resources for the task. Use a spotter in difficult terrain for extra safety.

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Study Notes

Weather Considerations

  • Awareness of shifting weather conditions is crucial; local winds and humidity significantly impact fire behavior.
  • Hot, dry conditions can lead to rapid fire spread; even a small decrease in humidity increases fire intensity.
  • Peak fire danger typically occurs between 12:00 and 16:00.
  • Fire can move faster than a person can run and create dangerous convection currents causing erratic behavior and spot fires ahead of the fire front.

Fuel Characteristics

  • Tulsa's fire fuels are light and burn rapidly, necessitating close monitoring post-fire to eliminate embers from heavier fuels.
  • Mop-up operations focus on preventing embers from igniting new fuel sources.

Topography Effects

  • Fires burn uphill more quickly than downhill, creating spot fires on the descent.
  • Access challenges arise from rough terrain; companies need to assess fuel, topography, and exposure risks to structures.
  • Important considerations include assessing the location of access roads and natural fire breaks.

Command Structure

  • Establish a safe command post and divisions quickly; it should remain stationary with potential helicopter access.
  • Command post location is pivotal to facilitate operations regardless of fire direction changes.

Tactical and Strategic Approaches

  • Brush fires can spread over vast areas; strategic attack positions are critical.
  • Prioritize aggressive action to halt the fire's progress or protect exposures if immediate control isn't viable.
  • Direct water application is the quickest control method; other defensive strategies may be necessary when direct attack isn't feasible.
  • Protect structures and allow the fire to burn to a more manageable location when needed.
  • In water-scarce situations, target burning materials instead of pre-wetting unburned fuel.

Resource Management

  • Maintain wet conditions for seriously exposed structures.
  • Structural companies should be deployed for exposure protection; grass rigs can remain mobile.
  • Utilize natural fire barriers (sandy washes, roads, trails) during large grass fires.
  • Class A foam is effective for both suppression and exposure protection; use a 1% mixture in direct attacks and higher concentrations for mop-ups.

Safety and Precautions

  • Back-firing is risky and should be a last resort due to terrain and fire size.
  • Adhere to standard firefighting orders for safety:
    • Stay informed about weather and fire behavior; identify escape routes and safety zones.
    • Maintain clear and prompt communication; ensure instructions are understood.
    • Act aggressively, prioritizing safety at all times.

Warning Situations

  • Be vigilant for critical situations indicating potential danger, such as unscouted fire areas and unfamiliar terrain conditions.
  • Specific cautions include fighting fires in darkness, not having a clear anchor point, and being unaware of fire behavior influencing factors.

Critical Firefighting Concepts

  • Approach fires from burned areas (the black).
  • Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
  • Operate in teams of at least two for safety.
  • Secure enough support early on and utilize a spotter in challenging terrain.

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Description

This quiz covers strategic and tactical considerations outlined in the Tulsa Fire Department's Emergency Operating Guidelines. Focus areas include the establishment of command posts, site selection, and management of brush fires. Understand the critical tactics for efficient emergency response.

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