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What typically causes a heart attack?
Which type of heart attack involves a complete blockage of a coronary artery?
Which symptom is most commonly associated with a heart attack?
What should you do if you suspect you are having a heart attack?
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What is a possible contributor to the blockage that leads to a heart attack?
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What may heart attack symptoms include aside from chest pain?
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Which of the following descriptions is NOT associated with the pain of a heart attack?
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During initial treatment in the emergency room for a heart attack, what will most likely occur?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a major risk factor for stroke?
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What symptom is typically associated with a stroke caused by bleeding in the brain?
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Which lifestyle choice significantly increases the risk of stroke?
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What should be done immediately if stroke symptoms are observed?
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Which of the following changes may occur as a symptom after a stroke?
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Who is at the highest risk of stroke when using birth control pills?
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What is considered the optimal time frame to administer clot-busting drugs after stroke symptoms begin?
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What is a key distinction of emergency nursing compared to other nursing specialties?
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Which of the following describes an emergency situation?
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What demographic is at increased risk for stroke related to their race?
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In which phase of disaster management does a nurse primarily provide care for victims?
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What does the triage system in emergency care aim to achieve?
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Which nursing diagnosis is most critical when caring for a patient in an emergency situation?
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Biological warfare can be defined as what type of threat?
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Among the following, which is NOT a functional requirement of an emergency department?
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How does the reaction to disasters differ between children and the elderly?
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What characterizes stable angina?
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What is a key indication of unstable angina?
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Which type of angina is specifically linked to a coronary artery spasm?
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Which of the following risk factors is specifically related to age in men and women for cardiovascular disease?
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Which characteristic distinguishes microvascular angina from other types?
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What is the primary goal of treatment after a stroke?
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What is a potential long-term complication following a stroke?
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Which factor does NOT influence the outlook after a stroke?
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What characterizes stable angina compared to other types?
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What is the most common type of heart disease associated with angina?
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Which of these is not a common sign of a stroke?
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What condition commonly necessitates immediate medical attention similar to a stroke?
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Which type of angina occurs due to the heart working harder than usual?
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Study Notes
Emergency Nursing
- Emergency nurses care for patients in the critical phase of their illness or injury.
- Emergency Management refers to the care of patients with urgent and critical needs.
- Emergency departments are often the first place where people seek help.
- An emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or the environment.
- Emergency care focuses on interventions and treatment to quickly address the situation.
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
- A heart attack occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, damaging or killing heart muscle.
- Most heart attacks are caused by a blood clot blocking a coronary artery.
- A complete blockage is a STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction), while a partial blockage is an NSTEMI (non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction).
- Plaque buildup in coronary arteries can lead to heart attacks.
- Heart attacks can occur during rest, sleep, physical activity, cold weather, or after emotional/physical stress.
Symptoms of a Heart Attack
- Chest pain is the most common symptom, often lasting longer than 20 minutes.
- Pain can feel like a tight band, indigestion, heaviness, squeezing, or pressure.
- Pain may radiate from the chest to the arms, shoulder, neck, teeth, jaw, belly area, or back.
- Pain may not be completely relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
Stroke
- A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, damaging brain cells.
- The risk of stroke is higher in people with atrial fibrillation, diabetes, family history of stroke, high cholesterol, increasing age, and certain races (like Black people).
- Unhealthy lifestyle factors like being overweight, drinking heavily, high-fat diets, smoking, and drug use increase stroke risk.
- Symptoms include headache, confusion, memory loss, difficulty swallowing, dizziness, loss of balance, muscle weakness, numbness, vision problems, and speech difficulties.
Angina
- Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced oxygen-rich blood flow to the heart muscle.
- Pain may feel like pressure or squeezing in the chest, and it may radiate to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.
- Angina is a symptom of underlying heart problems, often coronary heart disease (CHD).
- CHD is caused by plaque buildup in coronary arteries.
- Angina can also be a symptom of coronary microvascular disease (MVD), affecting the heart's smallest arteries.
Types of Angina
- Stable Angina: Most common, occurs during exertion, with a predictable pattern, relieved by rest or medication.
- Unstable Angina: Doesn't follow a pattern, may be more severe, can occur without exertion, and may not be relieved by rest/medication.
- Variant (Prinzmetal's) Angina: Rare, caused by coronary artery spasms, usually at rest, severe pain, often happening at night.
- Microvascular Angina: Can be more severe and last longer than other types, medication may not provide relief.
Risk Factors for Angina
- Age (≥ 55 years for men, ≥ 65 for women)
- Cigarette smoking
- Diabetes mellitus
- Dyslipidemia
- Family history of premature cardiovascular disease
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Description
This quiz covers essential information on emergency nursing, focusing on the care of patients experiencing myocardial infarction or heart attacks. Learn about the causes, types, and urgency of treatment required in these critical situations. Test your knowledge on emergency management and heart health.
