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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of emergency drugs?
What is the main purpose of emergency drugs?
- To enhance patient comfort in the hospital setting
- To meet immediate therapeutic needs of patients (correct)
- To provide long-term treatment for chronic illnesses
- To prevent illnesses from occurring
How quickly can brain death occur without oxygen (O2)?
How quickly can brain death occur without oxygen (O2)?
- Within 30 minutes
- Within 10 minutes
- Within 6 minutes (correct)
- Within 2 minutes
What is the normal range for oxygen saturation level in most people?
What is the normal range for oxygen saturation level in most people?
- 90% - 95%
- 95% - 100% (correct)
- 100% - 105%
- 80% - 85%
In which condition should oxygen be given according to the text?
In which condition should oxygen be given according to the text?
How does Nitroglycerin work in the body?
How does Nitroglycerin work in the body?
What is the primary use of Nitroglycerin in the emergency department?
What is the primary use of Nitroglycerin in the emergency department?
What is the main use of Morphine Sulphate mentioned in the text?
What is the main use of Morphine Sulphate mentioned in the text?
Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Atropine Sulphate according to the text?
Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Atropine Sulphate according to the text?
What is the main effect of Epinephrine (adrenaline) on the heart according to the text?
What is the main effect of Epinephrine (adrenaline) on the heart according to the text?
In what situation is Amiodarone commonly used as per the text?
In what situation is Amiodarone commonly used as per the text?
Which statement best describes the role of Epinephrine in CPR as per the text?
Which statement best describes the role of Epinephrine in CPR as per the text?
What is the primary benefit of using IM injection of Epinephrine for anaphylaxis based on the text?
What is the primary benefit of using IM injection of Epinephrine for anaphylaxis based on the text?
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Study Notes
Emergency Medicine
- Concerned with the care of illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention
Oxygen Therapy
- Brain death can occur within 6 minutes without oxygen
- Pulse oximeter is used to measure oxygen saturation
- Normal pulse oximeter reading for oxygen saturation level is between 95% and 100%
- Indications for oxygen therapy:
- All breathless patients
- Patients with acute MI and oxygen saturation of 90% or lower
- All patients with acute stroke, regardless of oxygen saturation
- Shock
- Cardiac arrest
- Traumatic injury with decreased oxygen saturation
Nitroglycerin
- Fast-acting vasodilator that works by releasing NO from endothelial cells
- Relaxes smooth muscle of blood vessels, increasing blood and oxygen supply to the heart
- Reduces chest pain
- Indications:
- Angina in the emergency department
- Acute coronary syndromes
- Acute heart failure
- Pulmonary edema
- Aortic dissection
- Administration: Sublingual or IV infusion
- Side effects:
- Headache
- Facial flushing
- Dizziness
- Excessive sweating
- Tolerance
Morphine Sulphate
- Narcotic analgesic that acts centrally
- Used to relieve severe chest pain associated with acute coronary syndromes (MI) and acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
- Adverse effects:
- Respiratory depression
- Hypotension
- Nausea
- Constipation
Atropine Sulphate
- Used to manage bradycardia, asystole, and AV block
- Increases heart rate and improves atrioventricular conduction by blocking parasympathetic influences on the heart
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
- Sympathomimetic drug with non-selective alpha- and beta-adrenergic effects
- Alpha-adrenergic effects:
- Increase coronary and cerebral perfusion through vasoconstriction
- Beta-adrenergic effects:
- Increase heart rate and myocardial contractility
- Increase renin release
- Produce bronchodilation and vasodilation
- Uses:
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
- Anaphylaxis
- Relief of respiratory distress due to bronchospasm
- Relief of hypersensitivity reactions
- Prolonging the action of infiltration anesthetics
- Severe cases of croup
- Dosing:
- 1mg IV every 3-5 minutes for CPR
- IV infusion for bradycardia
- IM injection for anaphylaxis
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Amiodarone
- Potent class III antiarrhythmic agent
- Used to treat ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation
- Prolongs the QT interval
- Slows heart rate and atrioventricular nodal conduction
- Slows intracardiac conduction
- Indications:
- Atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response
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