Emergency Medical Treatment Quiz

<p>Producing the greatest number of survivors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There may be a spinal cord injury despite no objective x-ray findings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Massive hemothorax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggressive fluid infusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical decompression of the skull (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac tamponade after trauma is seldom life-threatening. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhage into the chest or abdomen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A soft foam stretcher (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It occurs only in blunt abdominal trauma. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are less tolerant of expanding lesions than adults (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of a 'pleural cap' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A patient experiencing severe cardiac contusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left hemothorax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfer the patient to the operating room while initiating fluid therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform endotracheal intubation and ventilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfer the patient to a trauma center (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children suffer spinal cord injury without x-ray abnormality more commonly than adults (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dullness to percussion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To restore blood pressure to normotensive levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling the bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent secondary brain injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical evidence of inadequate organ perfusion must be present (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Performing a surgical cricothyroidotomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform endotracheal intubation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fracture of the cribriform plate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administer intravenous fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of a dilated pupil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical spine stability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warm (40°C) water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intraosseous catheter placement in the proximal tibia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of deep tendon reflexes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control internal hemorrhage operatively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absolute volume of blood loss required to produce shock is the same as in adults (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Needle decompression and tube thoracostomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 mL/kg of Ringer's lactate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control internal hemorrhage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform external fixation of the pelvis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform needle decompression of the left chest. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A laparotomy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple system injuries, including severe head injury. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform a neurological examination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiate intravenous fluid resuscitation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform a rapid sequence intubation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ongoing internal bleeding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Immerse frostbitten part in warm (40°C) water.

Intraosseous catheter placement in proximal tibia.

Priapism.

Surgical control of internal bleeding (operating).

Children have greater blood volume reserve and different physiological responses.

Immediate needle decompression and tube thoracostomy.

20 mL/kg of Ringer's lactate

Age-related.

These findings suggest fluid or blood accumulation in the left lung, consistent with a left hemothorax.

Immediate surgical intervention is crucial due to the high risk of internal bleeding and potential organ damage. Fluid resuscitation should be initiated simultaneously.

Securing the airway is the absolute priority in this severely injured patient. Endotracheal intubation is essential to maintain adequate oxygenation.

Transfer the patient to a trauma center with surgical capabilities. The severity of the spleen injury necessitates specialized care.

Children might have spinal cord injuries without obvious X-ray abnormalities, requiring a high index of suspicion.

A trauma patient with decreasing oxygen saturation (SpO2) despite assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device. This suggests worsening respiratory compromise.

The most appropriate next step in managing a trauma patient with worsening respiratory compromise is to perform a needle decompression of the left chest, to relieve potential tension pneumothorax. This should address the issue rapidly.

A trauma patient with hypotension (low blood pressure) despite fluid resuscitation likely has ongoing internal bleeding, requiring prompt surgical intervention.

The primary indication for transferring a trauma patient to a higher level trauma center is unavailability of a surgeon or operating room staff for immediate surgical intervention, particularly when the patient has multiple system injuries.

Trauma patients with severe hypotension (low blood pressure) require immediate volume resuscitation, which often includes warmed crystalloid intravenous fluids.

A trauma patient with decreasing vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure) after an initial assessment requires rapid evaluation and intervention.

A trauma patient with a pelvic fracture may have internal bleeding. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage or FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma) is crucial for diagnosis and intervention.

A trauma patient with a head injury and multiple injuries may require a CT scan to assess the extent of the head injury and other injuries, particularly if the patient is not fully conscious,

A trauma patient with a penetrating abdominal injury and hemodynamic instability (low blood pressure) requires immediate surgical evaluation to control internal bleeding and prevent exsanguination.

Infants with traumatic brain injuries can develop hypotension (low blood pressure) due to cerebral edema (swelling of the brain).

Initial management of a child with a traumatic brain injury often includes intravenous administration of methylprednisolone, a steroid medication, to reduce swelling.

Children are more prone to diffuse brain injuries, affecting multiple brain areas, compared to adults who may have more focal (specific area) lesions.

Young children have less tolerance for expanding intracranial mass lesions compared to adults, meaning they are more vulnerable to increased pressure within the skull.

The primary principle of triage in mass casualty incidents is to maximize survival by prioritizing the most critically injured patients based on available resources.

Initial management of an electrocution victim with normal vital signs and no dysrhythmia, but with evidence of injury, usually involves admission to the intensive care unit for observation.

Management of a severe head injury in an unconscious patient includes intubation and mechanical ventilation, as well as monitoring for changes in vital signs.

Pupil size and reactivity to light are important indicators of brain pressure. Fixed or dilated pupils can be a sign of increasing intracranial pressure.

The most important principle in the early management of a head injury is to prevent secondary brain injury. This involves minimizing further damage to the brain by controlling factors like swelling, pressure, and oxygen deprivation.

The diagnosis of shock is made when there is clinical evidence of inadequate organ perfusion. This means the body's tissues and organs are not getting enough oxygen and nutrients due to poor blood flow.

In a patient with severe facial injuries and a large hematoma in the pharynx, the preferred initial airway management is a surgical cricothyroidotomy. This procedure creates an emergency airway by making an incision in the neck.

The initial management step for an unconscious patient with a dilated pupil and contralateral extremity weakness is endotracheal intubation. This secures the airway and ensures adequate oxygenation.

A contraindication for nasogastric intubation is the presence of a fractured cribriform plate. This is a delicate bone in the skull that forms part of the nasal cavity, and injury to this area can lead to cerebrospinal fluid leakage if a nasogastric tube is inserted.

Children have a greater blood volume reserve than adults, and their physiological responses to shock may be different. This means their vital signs may not always be a reliable indicator of shock.

An open depressed skull fracture is a fracture where the skull is broken and indented inward. This type of fracture increases the risk of infection and brain injury.

It is important to differentiate between intracranial hematoma and cerebral edema in head injury management because they require distinct treatment approaches. Hematoma is a collection of blood, while edema is swelling.

A type of spinal cord injury often seen in children, where the center of the spinal cord is affected. It often presents with weakness and sensory loss in the arms, more than in the legs, and may happen without a bone fracture.

X-rays alone may not always show a spinal cord injury in children, even if there are symptoms. Other imaging tests, like MRI, may be needed.

A chest tube is needed when there's air (pneumothorax) or blood (hemothorax) in the chest cavity, causing breathing difficulties.

A life-threatening condition where fluid builds up around the heart, stopping it from pumping efficiently. Symptoms can be similar to a tension pneumothorax.

A motorcycle crash can cause serious internal bleeding into the chest or abdomen, leading to shock.

A condition where a pregnant woman's body makes antibodies against the baby's blood. It can happen after trauma, but it's not always a problem.

A tear in the aorta can be suspected on a chest x-ray if there are signs like widening of the chest area, blurring of the aortic outline, and shifting trachea.

Measuring pressure in the central vein is most helpful when a patient has a heart injury, as it gives insights into fluid status.

Infants with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) can become hypotensive due to swelling in the brain (cerebral edema).

The first step in treating a child with TBI often involves giving methylprednisolone intravenously to reduce brain swelling.

Children are less able to handle increasing pressure inside the skull (intracranial pressure) compared to adults.

The main goal in mass casualty incidents is to save as many lives as possible by prioritizing the most severely injured patients based on available resources.

If an electrocution victim has normal vital signs and no heart rhythm abnormalities, but evidence of injury, they usually need to be admitted to the ICU for close monitoring.

Treating a severe head injury involves breathing support (intubation and ventilation) and constant monitoring of vital signs.

Pupil size and how they react to light (reactivity) are important clues for brain pressure. Fixed or dilated pupils can signal increasing pressure.