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Questions and Answers
What immediate interventions are prioritized for a burn patient during a primary survey assessment?
What immediate interventions are prioritized for a burn patient during a primary survey assessment?
Airway and C-spine stabilization, breathing support with high-flow 100% oxygen, circulation management by elevating extremities and removing tight clothing, neurological examination, and exposure and examination of burn wounds.
What information is gathered during the secondary survey of a burn patient?
What information is gathered during the secondary survey of a burn patient?
Details such as the cause and timing of the burn injury, enclosed space involvement, associated trauma, chemicals involved, medical history, vaccines, and extent of burn injuries are collected.
Why is fluid resuscitation prioritized after stabilizing a burn patient?
Why is fluid resuscitation prioritized after stabilizing a burn patient?
Fluid resuscitation is crucial to restore intravascular volume, prevent shock, and support organ function following significant fluid loss due to burn injuries.
What measures are taken to assess potential inhalation injury in burn patients?
What measures are taken to assess potential inhalation injury in burn patients?
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Study Notes
Primary Survey
- Airway and C-spine stabilization: Maintain a patent airway, possibly requiring intubation. Immobilize the cervical spine if necessary.
- Breathing: Administer high-flow 100% oxygen via mask.
- Circulation: Elevate extremities. Remove restrictive clothing/jewelry. Perform neurovascular checks, especially with burns around joints or electrical burns.
- Disability: Neurological examination.
Expose and Examine
- Burn wound extent and depth assessment.
- Identify potential associated trauma.
Fluid Resuscitation
- At least two large-bore IV lines with lactated Ringer's solution.
Secondary Survey
- Circumstances of Injury: Determine the cause, time, enclosed space involvement, associated trauma (electrical), time to rescue, chemicals involved, accelerant use.
- Medical History: Record medical history, current medications, allergies, and vaccinations.
- Recent Intake: Document last food and fluid intake.
- Detailed Physical Examination: Complete a head-to-toe examination.
- Burn Assessment: Determine the extent (TBSA percentage) and depth of the burn. Cover the wounds with a clean, dry sheet.
- Thermoregulation: Maintain core body temperature.
- Pain Management: Provide pain medication, intravenously administered narcotics preferred.
- Tetanus Status: Verify tetanus vaccination status (current if less than 5 years since last dose).
- Initial Labs: Obtain CBC, CMP, PT/aPTT, urinalysis, and surveillance cultures.
- Inhalational Injury Suspicion: Analyze arterial blood gases (ABGs) and carboxyhemoglobin levels.
- Electrical Injury Suspicion: Perform 12-lead ECG and assess CK-MB/troponin levels.
- Fluid Resuscitation Adjustments: Calculate fluid resuscitation needs and adjust IV fluid rate as needed.
Burn Care Considerations
- Burn wound care begins after patient stabilization.
- Immediate priorities are airway, breathing, and circulation, followed by fluid resuscitation and preventing hypothermia.
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Description
Test your knowledge on primary and secondary surveys in emergency medicine. This quiz covers essential procedures for airway management, fluid resuscitation, and the assessment of burn injuries. Enhance your understanding of critical interventions during emergencies.
