Questions and Answers
What can be assumed if a responding victim speaks?
What is the ideal thoracic compression rate in paediatric CPR?
What is the primary function of the inner cannula in a tracheostomy?
What is the initial response to an unconscious baby with complete airway obstruction?
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What is the purpose of the Lesser Maneuver?
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When performing an intramuscular injection into the dorsogluteal site, which part of this muscle should be used?
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What can be suspected if you find an unconscious casualty who has a blue puffer inhaler in their pocket?
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What is the safest site of choice for an intramuscular injection in adults?
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What is the purpose of a subcutaneous injection?
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What should you do when examining a conscious casualty?
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What is indicated by a watery fluid in the ear?
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What is the characteristic of drugs administered orally compared to other routes?
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What may indicate a skull fracture?
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Why is crushing a tablet before administration potentially dangerous?
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What type of tablets should never be crushed?
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Study Notes
Injection Techniques
- The Z-track technique is used to prevent leakage of drugs in the subcutaneous tissue and minimize irritation caused by the drug.
CPR and Airways
- In a reacting/responding victim, if the victim speaks, their airways should be free.
- Coughing can indicate choking, but it does not definitely exclude choking.
- Neurological assessment should not be skipped in a reacting/responding victim.
Paediatric CPR
- The ideal thoracic compression rate in paediatric CPR is around 100 bpm.
Tracheostomy
- The inner cannula in a tracheostomy allows for regular cleaning to prevent tube obstruction.
Airway Obstruction
- If an unconscious baby has a complete airway obstruction, the indications are to start with 5 back blows.
Injection Safety
- The Lesser Maneuver ensures that the drug is not inadvertently administered intravenously.
- The safest site of choice for an intramuscular injection in adults is the ventrogluteal site.
Patient Assessment
- When examining a conscious casualty, take a thorough history, check for signs, and ask about the presence of pain and its characteristics.
Injection Sites
- When performing an intramuscular injection into the dorsogluteal site, use the upper lateral quadrant of the muscle.
- Avoid the sciatic nerve site and areas near major blood vessels.
Medical Conditions
- Finding a blue puffer inhaler on an unconscious casualty may indicate that the patient suffers from asthma.
- A watery fluid in the ear is a sign of a basilar skull fracture.
- Clear fluid or watery blood coming from both nostrils may indicate a skull fracture.
Drug Administration
- The purpose of a subcutaneous injection is to allow slow absorption of a drug compared to intramuscular or intravenous routes.
- Drugs administered orally have a slower onset and a more prolonged, but less potent effect than drugs administered by other routes.
- Crushing a tablet before administration can be ineffective for the patient and a dangerous practice, with certain tablets (e.g., sustained-release tablets) that should never be crushed.
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Test your knowledge on various medical procedures, including injection techniques, CPR, and airways management.