Emergency Management and SARA
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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum width required for stairs?

  • 44 inches (correct)
  • 30 inches
  • 36 inches
  • 54 inches

What is the capacity of a 34 inch door based on the capacity factor?

  • 300 persons
  • 250 persons
  • 120 persons
  • 170 persons (correct)

What determines the egress capacity of a building?

  • Width of corridors
  • Total floor area
  • Component with the least capacity (correct)
  • Height of ceilings

How is the capacity for stairs calculated?

<p>Width divided by capacity factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a part of the means of egress?

<p>Exit access, exit, and exit discharge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum capacity for stairs that are 44 inches wide?

<p>146 persons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a shelter-in-place involve?

<p>Taking refuge indoors with minimal windows (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a required component of a fire prevention plan?

<p>Designated fire drills schedule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the hazards associated with exposure to high concentrations of Halon gas?

<p>Asphyxiation due to oxygen deficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the plan administrator in a fire prevention plan?

<p>Acts as the focal point of fire prevention plans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect can inhaling high concentrations of Halon gas have on the central nervous system?

<p>Dizziness and tingling in extremities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is necessary to control flammable and combustible waste materials?

<p>Specific storage and handling procedures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause pressures to increase rapidly in containers with large L/D ratios?

<p>Internal gas expansions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary condition for Combustion Explosions of Dust in an Enclosure to occur?

<p>Airborne dust with an ignition source (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary danger from a Boiling Liquid-Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE)?

<p>Thermal and physical effects from container parts being thrown (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of Unconfined Vapor Cloud Explosions?

<p>Can dissipate to harmless levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to a Chemical Reactor Runaway?

<p>Insufficient stirring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause for explosions of pressure vessels containing nonreactive materials?

<p>Weak vessel structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the event of a deflagration of mists?

<p>Ignition can produce violent explosions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could significantly amplify the effects of a combustion explosion in an enclosure?

<p>High concentrations of dust with low ignition points (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically a result of a nuclear reactor explosion?

<p>Blast wave or pressure wave (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can an open-air vapor cloud become dangerous?

<p>If it's ignited and accelerates rapidly enough (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of developing a check-in/check-out procedure in underground construction?

<p>To ensure an accurate count of personnel present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What training should employees receive regarding bloodborne pathogens?

<p>Initial and annual bloodborne pathogens training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of a Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP)?

<p>To analyze possible design deviations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the air supply decrease alert be activated for respirator users?

<p>When it drops to 20-25% of full capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Process Safety Management emphasize in relation to hazards?

<p>Identifying, evaluating, and controlling hazards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary method used in Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)?

<p>Mapping operation diagrams for failure analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario should two 5-person rescue teams be deployed in underground environments?

<p>Where 25 or more employees are working (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What analysis method systematically studies component failures in operations?

<p>Fault Tree Analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Emergency Response Team in chemical hazard scenarios?

<p>To respond to chemical exposures and evacuations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature of the fireball associated with thermal effects?

<p>2400 F (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors relate to the explosion severity of combustible dust?

<p>Maximum explosion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can dust confinement in the air contribute to during an explosion?

<p>Increased pressure and temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the radiant energy from the fireball dissipate?

<p>In relation to the distance squared (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has the greatest impact on the power of a dust explosion?

<p>Particle size of combustible materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens after a first explosion involving dust?

<p>Accumulated dust becomes airborne and may cause a second explosion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor determining ignition sensitivity?

<p>Minimum concentration of combustible dust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation of blast wave distance to the charge weight?

<p>Cube root of charge weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should materials be managed to control explosion risks?

<p>Limit quantities and store in remote areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do inert dusts like limestone play in explosions?

<p>They reduce the ability of dust to burn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Door Capacity

The smallest amount of space a person needs to safely move through a doorway. It is calculated based on the doorway's width and the amount of space a person requires.

Stair Capacity

The smallest amount of space a person needs to safely move through a stairway. It is calculated based on the stairway's width and the amount of space a person requires.

Egress Capacity

The maximum number of people that can safely leave a building in an emergency. Determined by the component (door, stair etc.) with the least capacity.

Means of Egress

A safe path leading people out of a building in case of an emergency. It consists of three parts: exit access, exit, and exit discharge.

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Exit

The section of the means of egress that is separated from other parts of the building. It's a protected area designed for emergency exits.

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Exit Discharge

The final part of the means of egress, leading people outside from the protected exit.

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Fire Brigade

A group of people trained to respond to fires. They also teach employees about fire safety and conduct drills.

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Fire Prevention Plan

A document outlining procedures to minimize fire risks, including hazard identification, control measures, and equipment details.

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Asphyxiation

An atmosphere lacking sufficient oxygen for breathing, potentially caused by CO2 release from fire suppression systems.

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Halon

A fire-fighting agent that can cause extreme cold on contact, leading to skin damage or frostbite.

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Employee Alarm System

A system designed to promptly alert employees about emergencies and activate alarms, encouraging swift evacuation.

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Storage Procedures for Hazardous Materials

A method for managing and storing flammable materials to prevent accidental ignition, incorporating proper handling techniques and storage protocols.

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Underground Construction Check-in/Check-out

A procedure to accurately track the number of workers, equipment used, and air quality in underground construction environments.

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Underground Construction Evacuation

A safety measure for situations where the air quality is compromised due to dangerous gases, requiring immediate evacuation.

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Bloodborne Pathogens Safety

A safety procedure that includes providing employees with the hepatitis B vaccine and regular bloodborne pathogens training.

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Emergency Procedure for Chemical Hazards

A structured process to identify, analyze, and control potential hazards related to the handling of chemicals.

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Emergency Response Team

A group of trained personnel equipped to respond effectively to emergencies.

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Emergency Response Team Training

Training provided to Emergency Response Team members to prepare them for handling different emergency scenarios.

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OSHA Respirators in Emergency

A critical safety tool for emergency situations, requiring training and familiarity with their use.

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Process Safety Management

A comprehensive approach to managing safety risks in industrial processes, identifying and mitigating potential hazards.

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What-if Study

A process safety management technique using questions to identify potential hazards in straightforward processes.

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Explosion

A rapid expansion of gases caused by a rapid combustion reaction.

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Blast Wave

The primary destructive force of an explosion, created by the sudden release of energy.

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Thermal Radiation

Heat energy released from an explosion, can cause severe burns.

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Dust Explosion

The spread of fire through a cloud of combustible dust particles.

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Ignition Sensitivity

A measure of how easily a dust cloud can be ignited.

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Explosion Severity

The maximum pressure created by a dust explosion.

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Explosibility Index

The likelihood of a dust explosion occurring based on several factors.

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Inert Dusts

Materials that prevent or reduce the likelihood of an explosion.

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Particle Size

The size of a dust particle can affect the intensity of an explosion.

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Control Measures for Dust Explosions

Preventing dust accumulation to minimize the risk of explosions.

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Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE)

A type of explosion that occurs when a container holding a liquid at a high temperature ruptures, causing the liquid to rapidly vaporize and expand.

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Combustion Explosion of Dust in an Enclosure

This type of explosion occurs when a dust cloud is ignited, leading to a rapid and violent combustion reaction.

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Unconfined Vapor Cloud Explosion

Explosions that occur when a fuel vapor cloud ignites, causing a rapid pressure wave.

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Deflagrations of Mists

An explosion caused by the rapid burning of a flammable mist or fog in the air.

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Chemical Reactor Runaway

A situation where a chemical reaction within a container generates too much pressure, potentially leading to an explosion.

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Pressure Increase in Containers with Large L/D Ratios

A sudden increase in pressure in a container, especially those with large length to diameter ratios (L/D)

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Explosions of Pressure Vessels Containing Nonreactive Materials

Explosions occurring when a pressure vessel holding non-reactive materials fails due to low pressure, leading to a rapid expansion.

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Nuclear Reactor Explosion

A rapid increase in pressure caused by a chain reaction, often associated with nuclear reactors.

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Deflagration

A rapid combustion of a flammable material, often resulting in a violent explosion.

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Study Notes

Emergency

  • An emergency happens suddenly, disrupts regular activities, and requires immediate action.
  • A disaster is a major emergency resulting in substantial property damage, fatalities, or both.
  • Emergencies include natural disasters (e.g., fires, floods, earthquakes), system failures, or traffic problems.

Types of Emergencies

  • Behavior of people in emergencies is often panic-driven, impacting safety and causing unintentional harm.
  • Key concerns in emergencies include priorities for people’s safety, property protection, environmental cleanup, and restoring normal operations.

SARA and EPCRA-SARA III

  • The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 requires chemical plants to develop emergency response plans.
  • EPCRA-SARA III is part of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (1986).
  • It requires industries to inform federal, state, and local governments about the storage, use, and release of hazardous substances.

Radiological Accidents

  • Accidents involving radioactive materials require specific response protocols.
  • Information resources on hazardous substances are provided by agencies such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).

Chemical Transportation Emergencies

  • Chemical transportation emergencies require preemptive planning to prevent and effectively handle releases of hazardous materials.

Emergency Center

  • Emergency planning and procedures for facilities are essential for effective response to emergencies.
  • Emergency operating procedures require employees to evacuate, account for those who remain behind, and perform emergency tasks.
  • Emergency response plans should outline procedures for fire evacuations, procedures for employees remaining to handle critical functions before evacuation, procedures to track employees after evacuation, and roles of individuals performing rescue or medical assistance and who to contact for more info.

Disaster Dilemma

  • Technology and emergencies have a complex relationship.

Maintaining Fire Extinguishers

  • Regular inspections, hydrostatic testing, and annual internal checks are crucial for safety.
  • Documentation related to inspections and testing is required.

Emergency Planning for Elevators

  • Elevators are designed to return to the primary recall floor in case of emergencies (e.g., fire).
  • The primary recall floor is typically near an exit, and marked with a star on the control panel.
  • If a fire is detected, the elevator will stop at the floor before or after the primary recall floor.

Elevators

  • The travel distance from any point in a room to an exit should not exceed 150 ft (46 m).
  • In buildings with sprinkler systems, the maximum travel distance can be increased to 200 ft.
  • Industrial buildings without sprinklers may have a maximum travel distance of 250 ft.
  • There are minimum requirements for width of corridors and passageways of 44 inches (1120 mm)

Minimum width of components

  • Door: 34 inches with 0.2 person capacity (170 person capacity)
  • Stair well: 44 inches with 0.3 person capacity (147 person capacity)
  • Door: 44 inches with 0.2 person capacity (220 person capacity)
  • The component with the smallest capacity determines overall egress capacity

Interior Finishes

  • Flame spread and smoke development ratings are used to classify interior materials for fire safety.

Fire Prevention Plans

  • Written procedures for handling flammable and combustible materials must be communicated to the employees.
  • Maintenance of equipment to reduce fire hazards should be properly documented along with individuals assigned responsibility.

Underground Construction

  • Procedures should be in place to help control the amount of fuel and potential hazards.

Bloodborne Pathogens

  • Hepatitis B vaccine and annual training for employees who work with hazardous materials.

Emergency Procedures for Chemicals

  • Procedures that need to be followed with hazardous materials. Emergency evacuation procedures and route assignments
  • Procedures for employees performing critical operations before evacuation.
  • Procedures for tracking employees after evacuation.
  • Roles and responsibilities for rescue and medical tasks
  • Who to contact for further details or clarification of the procedure Means for reporting fires and other emergencies

Emergency Response Team Training

  • First Aid, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
  • The OSHA blood-borne pathogens standard.
  • Shutdown procedures.
  • Chemical spill control procedures.
  • Search and emergency rescue procedures.
  • Hazardous materials emergency response.

OSHA Respirators in Emergency situations

  • Employer must select and provide suitable respirators.
  • Create a written respiratory protection program that outlines how respirators are to be used in emergency situations .
  • Verify the suitability of emergency respirators.
  • Properly store and inspect emergency respirators.

Emergency Procedures for Workplace Chemical Hazards

  • Escape procedures and escape routes.
  • Special procedures for people performing or shutting down critical plant operations.
  • Systems to account for everybody after evacuation, and information.
  • Employee rescue and medical roles.
  • Methods for reporting emergencies and fires.
  • Use of different fire extinguishers.
  • First aid (including CPR) and breathing apparatus, including requirements.

Process Safety Management

  • Perform a Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) every 5 years.

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Related Documents

Fire and Emergency Response Table YYY PDF

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of emergencies, including types, responses, and the significance of legislation like SARA and EPCRA-SARA III. It explores how human behavior impacts emergency situations and the legal requirements for chemical plants regarding emergency preparedness. Test your knowledge on how to effectively manage emergencies and understand key safety concerns.

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