Emergency Care for Avulsed Teeth and Sports Injuries

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Questions and Answers

According to the provided information, which of the following is the most appropriate immediate treatment for an avulsed tooth covered in dirt?

Clean the tooth carefully with water, holding it by the roots. (correct)

Clean out the socket thoroughly with gauze.

Inject LA and Adrenaline into the socket.

Stick the tooth back into the socket without cleaning.

What is the critical time frame for reimplanting an avulsed tooth?

Within 15 minutes of injury. (correct)

Within 30 minutes of injury.

Within 2 hours of injury.

Within 1 hour of injury.

If an avulsed tooth cannot be immediately reimplanted, how should it be stored?

In milk (preferably skim). (correct)

In saline solution.

In a dry container.

In water.

What is the recommended procedure for cleaning an avulsed tooth covered in debris?

Irrigate with saline or milk. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a patient is alert after an avulsed tooth injury, what is the next step after cleaning the tooth?

Reimplant the tooth and splint it. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a right-handed adolescent tennis player experiencing 3 weeks of lower back pain?

Pars defect (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is emphasized as a risk factor for spondylolysis in adolescent athletes?

Competitive tennis (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many time zones is it ideal to cross in a single day when traveling to minimize debilitating effects?

One (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of adolescent sports injuries, which technique is noted as potentially problematic for lower back pain?

Pushing technique (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is least likely to be associated with persistent lower back pain in an adolescent tennis player?

Knee ligament injury (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications, when taken, can increase the risk of exertional heat stroke by interfering with sweating and increasing thermogenesis?

Amphetamines (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for exertional heat stroke?

Use of anticholinergics (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is MOST likely to interfere with sweating due to its anticholinergic actions?

Antihistamines (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of anticholinergic medications, as mentioned in the text?

Reduced thermoregulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between antihistamines and heat stroke risk?

Antihistamines can increase heat stroke risk by interfering with sweating. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements concerning muscle strength changes during limb immobilisation is true?

The greatest decrease in muscle strength occurs during the first week of immobilisation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text provided, which of the following is a potential cause of exertional headaches?

Dilatation of venous sinuses at the base of the brain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary injury risk associated with weight training in 12-year-olds?

Injuries to growth plates (C) Signup and view all the answers

A soccer player experiences recent-onset exertional headaches during or shortly after their games. According to the information provided, what is the most appropriate first step to take?

Consult a physician to determine the underlying cause of the headache. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant benefit of weight training for young athletes?

Improvement in cardiovascular disease risk profile (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about muscle fiber type atrophy is supported by the text?

Fast-twitch fibers are more susceptible to atrophy than slow-twitch fibers during immobilisation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely primary cause of exertional headaches, based on the information in the text?

Dilatation of pain-sensitive venous sinuses at the base of the brain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication rate associated with hip arthroscopy?

11-20% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What long-term outcome is associated with labral repair combined with osteoplasty in athletes?

Evidence of good effect up to 10 years (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between cam morphology and osteoarthritis of the hip?

Association exists with a higher risk of OA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is noted about the return to sport rate after hip arthroscopy?

88% return to sport (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding shoulder injuries in resistance training among children is true?

Shoulder injuries are the most common (D) Signup and view all the answers

What psychological benefit is associated with resistance training in young athletes?

Improved psychological well-being (C) Signup and view all the answers

What risk is associated with treating FAI syndrome?

No evidence that treatment alters risk of OA (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated about the severity of sports-related injuries and strength training?

Strength training can significantly reduce injury severity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which protective gear is most effective in decreasing the risk of wrist fractures?

Hip pads (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which protective gear has been found to reduce the risk of concussion?

Backbone guards (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common condition associated with repetitive dorsiflexion and plantarflexion in dancers?

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tenosynovitis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of equipment does not significantly reduce the overall risk of common injuries?

Helmets (A), Backbone pads (B), Wrist guards (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following injuries is specifically addressed by hip pads?

Wrist fractures (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common diagnosis for a dancer experiencing posterior ankle pain and crepitus?

Flexor hallucis longus tenosynovitis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of padding is effective in decreasing the overall risk of injuries in recreational snowboarders?

Hip pads (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions does not commonly result from microtrauma linked to dance movements?

Plantar fasciitis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rugby Player with Avulsed Tooth

Appropriate immediate treatment for a rugby player with an avulsed tooth (a tooth knocked out) involves covering/storing the tooth in gauze.
Stick the tooth back into the socket without cleaning it.
Clean the tooth and the socket carefully with water, holding the tooth by the roots.
Clean out the socket thoroughly with gauze.
Inject local anesthetic (LA) and adrenaline into the socket.
If dirty, irrigate with saline or milk or suck the tooth clean under the tongue.
Debris should not be scraped off the tooth root.
If the patient is alert, reimplant the tooth and have them bite down on gauze.
If not alert, store the tooth in milk (preferably skim) and seek immediate dental care within 2 hours of injury.

Weight Training in 12-Year-Olds

Significant muscle hypertrophy is expected in 12-year-olds participating in weight training.
Most injuries occur at the growth plates during weight training.
Weight training significantly benefits injury prevention.
A strong correlation is observed between strength training and sports-related injuries- higher training severity correlates with higher injury severity.
Weight training promotes overall health and well-being.

Hip Arthroscopy for Athletes

The benefits of hip arthroscopy for athletes are low after two years.
The benefit is evident up to ten years when combined with labral repair and osteoplasty.
The complication rate of hip arthroscopy is 1-7%.
Returning to sport after hip arthroscopy 88% return to sport.
A significant complication (20%) rate is noted if combining procedures are not done.
Labral tears are definitely correlated with OA.

Immobilization of an Injured Limb and Strength Loss

Muscle atrophy is observed following limb immobilisation.
Fast twitch muscle fibres exhibit the most atrophy during the first week.
Muscle strength starts decreasing 24 hours after the immobilisation.
Strength loss is more pronounced after a week.
The second week of immobilisation shows increasing strength loss.
Muscle loss is similar for all fiber types.

Exertional Headaches

Potential underlying causes of exertional headaches include aneurysms and raised intracranial pressure.
Other possible causes include cardiac issues, Arnold-Chiari malformation, and normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Exertional Headaches in Soccer Players

Appropriate course of action for a soccer player experiencing recent exertional headaches includes taking 25-50mg of Indocid one hour before exercise.
Sumatriptan should be taken at symptom onset.

Medications Increasing Heat Illness Risk

Amphetamines, beta-blockers, colchicine, calcium channel blockers and antihistamines increase the risk of heat illness by disrupting sweating.

60-Year-Old with Muscle Pain

The least likely cause of myopathy (muscle pain) in a 60-year-old is cimetidine.
Statins may cause myopathy (a condition involving painful and inflammatory muscle disease).
NSAIDS are another potential cause of myopathy as well as colchicine.

ECG Changes Not Normal in Athletes

Early repolarization is considered normal in athletes.
Type I second-degree heartblock (Wenkebach) is not normal.
Sinus bradycardia below 30bpm is not normal in athletes..
Junctional escape rhythm isn't normal, and ventricular couplets are also abnormal.

Indications for Radial Head Fracture Surgery

Indications for surgery in radial head fractures include 25% angulation or 20% involvement of the articular surface if the fracture is undisplaced.
If a small, undisplaced fracture has occured following an elbow dislocation which is reduced, surgical intervention can also be necessary.

Mechanical Block in Flexion at 100°

A mechanical block in flexion at 100 degrees, along with a 2 mm displaced fracture, is a potential indication for surgery, depending on additional findings.

Benign Bone Tumor in Children/Adolescents

Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor in childhood and adolescence.

Quickest Time to Adjust to a Different Time Zone

Adapting to a different time zone across multiple time zones can take between 6 and 48 hours.

Right-handed Adolescent Tennis Player with Back Pain

The most likely diagnosis for a right-handed adolescent tennis player with left lower back pain after three weeks is a Pars defect, Pars stress, Paravertebral muscle strain, or facet joint dysfunction.

Snowboarding vs. Skiing Injuries

Snowboarding injuries disproportionately lead to higher rates of head injuries.
Ankle sprains & fractures are more common in snowboarders.

Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps

Exercise-related muscle cramps are predominantly caused by electrolyte imbalances.

School Children on Snowboarding Trips

Hard boots, helmets, and wrist guards are all suitable choices for protection while on snowboarding trips.
Hip guards reduce wrist fractures and shoulder dislocations.
Elbow pads decrease the risk of common injuries.
Backbone guards reduce concussion risk as well.

Dancer with Posterior Ankle Pain

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tenosynovitis is the most probable cause of posterior ankle pain with crepitus in dancers.

Tanner Stage

Determining Tanner stage involves assessing pubic hair distribution across the pubis area and inner thighs.

Stress Fractures in Ballet Dancers

Base of the second metatarsal is the most common stress fracture in ballet dancers.

Athlete with Vitamin D Level of 25

If an athlete has a vitamin D level of 25, nothing is abnormal; additional measurement can be taken in 1-2 weeks.
3000-5000 IU per day is advised to restore or maintain appropriate levels.
Sun exposure for 6-7 minutes during midmorning and midafternoon in summer is also recommended, or 7-40 minutes at noon during the winter.
Daily supplementation with vitamin D (10,000 IU) and subsequent re-evaluation are recommended as well.

Time Zone Adaptation

Adjusting to a new time zone typically takes approximately one day per hour of time difference.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the immediate treatment protocols for avulsed teeth and critical care following dental injuries. Additionally, explore the risk factors and management of lower back pain in adolescent athletes. This quiz will cover essential procedures and diagnoses relevant to emergency dental care and sports medicine.