Embryonic Development: History and Concepts

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Which of the following is a fundamental stage of embryonic development?

Gastrulation

What promotes the activity of smoothened signaling in the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway?

Cholesterol

Which plant product inhibits smoothened signaling in the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway?

Cyclopamine

What do mutations in sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway proteins cause?

<p>Facial abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three progressive states of embryonic cells that need to be resolved?

<p>Specification, determination, differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept generally describes the ability of a cell to respond to morphogen signals?

<p>Cellular competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process involved in the generation of a new shape during development?

<p>Cell movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does induction refer to in embryonic cell development?

<p>The ability of a cell to respond to inductive signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which cells 'know' their position along a line with respect to boundaries at either end?

<p>Morphogen concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell behavior primarily contributes to establishing an ordered body plan and specifying A/P, D/V axes?

<p>Cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of a cell to respond to inductive signals known as?

<p>Competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process primarily involves cells becoming structurally and functionally different?

<p>Cell differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the gradual changes that cells go through before acquiring their final fate?

<p>Developmental progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can mutations in human EXT1 and EXT2 genes result in?

<p>Bone exostoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental aspects of embryonic development?

<p>Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cholesterol promote in embryonic development?

<p>Morphogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant product inhibits smoothened signaling in the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway?

<p>Cyclopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of a cell to respond to morphogen signals?

<p>Cellular competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following results from defects in the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, as mentioned in the reading?

<p>Facial abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in resolving the three progressive states of embryonic cells - specification, determination, and differentiation?

<p>Regulating gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mechanism by which cells 'know' their position along a line with respect to boundaries at either end?

<p>Positional information</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the process primarily involved in the generation of a new shape during development?

<p>Gastrulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cell behavior that contributes to establishing an ordered body plan and specifying A/P, D/V axes?

<p>Cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept generally describes the ability of a cell to respond to inductive signals?

<p>Competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of signal transmission involves the process by which adjacent cells receive and respond to the signal?

<p>Signal transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage involves cells being divided into specific germ layers, then into a specific subtype of cells within that germ layer, and eventually acquiring a unique fate?

<p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main type of cellular activity that serves to establish an ordered body plan and specify A/P, D/V axes?

<p>Cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What promotes the activity of smoothened signaling in the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway?

<p>Patched protein (Ptch)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does induction refer to in embryonic cell development?

<p>The ability of cells to influence the development of other cells using a signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three main types of signal transmission involved in embryonic cell development?

<p>Signal transduction, gene expression regulation, protein synthesis regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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