45 Questions
What is the fate of the mesoderm?
Differentiation of mesoderm
What structures do neural crest cells form?
Pharyngeal arches
During which phase of the embryonic period does gastrulation occur?
Phase 1
During which phase of prenatal development does gastrulation occur?
Embryonic period phase 1
Which germ layer forms the bones and muscles of most of the body?
Paraxial mesoderm
What is the function of the notochord during gastrulation?
It tells the three germ layers what to do next
Which germ layer forms the urogenital system?
Intermediate mesoderm
Which structure is formed by the first pharyngeal pouch in humans?
Ear
What happens to the rest of the grooves in the pharyngeal arches?
They disappear
Which cranial nerve is associated with the mastication muscles?
V (trigeminal)
What is the fate of Meckel's cartilage in human development?
It disappears
Which layer of the embryo forms the lining of the gastrointestinal tract?
Endoderm
Which structures are derived from the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches?
Bones and muscles of the body (except head)
During lateral folding of the embryo, what happens to the endodermal layer?
It bends and reaches towards each other to form the gut
What does the neural tube turn into during development?
Brain and spinal cord
During which phase of prenatal development does gastrulation occur?
Phase 1
What structures do neural crest cells form?
Pharyngeal arches
What is the fate of the mesoderm?
Forms the bones and muscles of most of the body
Which germ layer forms the urogenital system?
Mesoderm
What structures arise from each pharyngeal arch, groove, and cleft?
Major structures
What happens during week 1 and 2 of embryonic development?
Formation of trilaminar disk
How does the neural tube form, and what happens to it?
Forms through folding of the embryo
During which phase of prenatal development does the formation of the neural tube occur?
Phase 2
What is the function of the notochord during gastrulation?
Tells the three germ layers what to do next
Which germ layer does the intermediate mesoderm give rise to?
Urogenital system
What structures are formed by the paraxial mesoderm?
Bones and muscles of most of the body
What is the fate of Meckel's cartilage in human development?
Forms the bones and muscles of most of the body
Which structures are derived from the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches?
Bones and connective tissue of head
What does the neural tube turn into during development?
Central nervous system
What is the main function of the pharyngeal arches during embryonic development?
Formation of the bones and muscles of the head and neck
During which phase of prenatal development does folding of the embryo occur?
Embryonic period phase 2
What is the fate of the neural tube during development?
It turns into the brain and spinal cord
Which germ layer forms the lining of the gastrointestinal tract?
Endoderm
What structures are derived from the mesoderm?
Bones and muscles of the back
What is the main function of the notochord during gastrulation?
Formation of the brain and spinal cord
What is the fate of Meckel's cartilage in human development?
It regresses and disappears
Which structure is formed by the second pharyngeal pouch in humans?
Inferior parathyroid
Which cranial nerve is associated with the facial expression muscles?
VII (facial)
What is the fate of Meckel's cartilage in human development?
Degenerates and disappears
During which phase of prenatal development does cellular differentiation occur?
Fetus Phase 3
What structures are derived from the 4th and 5th pharyngeal pouches?
Superior parathyroid
What happens to the rest of the pharyngeal grooves in human development?
They disappear
Which cranial nerve is associated with the mastication muscles?
V (trigeminal)
What is the fate of the first pharyngeal groove in human development?
Disappears
Which structure is formed by the third pharyngeal pouch in humans?
Thymus
Test your knowledge on embryonic development and the structures derived from different germ layers and pharyngeal arches. Learn about Treacher Collins Syndrome and how it affects neural crest cell migration.
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