Embriology
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Questions and Answers

Which organ is responsible for the exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother and fetus?

  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Chorionic membrane
  • Placenta (correct)

    • When does the heart begin to contract and push blood through the blood vessels?

  • Fourth week (correct)
  • First week
  • Third week
  • Second week

    • What is the function of the blood flow in the cardiovascular system?

  • Elimination of waste products
  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Protection against infections
  • Supply of oxygen and nutrients (correct)

    • Which part of the placenta originates from the endometrium?

    <p>Decidua basalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the placenta?

    <p>Discoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of the placenta?

    <p>500 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the thickness of the placenta?

    <p>3 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the inner surface of the uterus does the placenta occupy?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the primitive blood vessels in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>To supply oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the placenta play in establishing blood flow in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Major role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the placenta?

    <p>Transport of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of amniotic fluid?

    <p>90% water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is produced by the syncytiotrophoblasts?

    <p>Placental lactogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the umbilical cord?

    <p>Transport of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the umbilical cord?

    <p>3-4 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the amnion?

    <p>Production of amniotic fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is amniotic fluid exchanged between the fetus and the mother?

    <p>Through the amnio-chorionic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the amniotic fluid after the fetus swallows it?

    <p>It is returned to the mother's blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition called when there is too little amniotic fluid?

    <p>Oligohydramnios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition called when there is too much amniotic fluid?

    <p>Polyhydramnios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure separates the fetal and maternal sides of the placenta?

    <p>Cytotrophoblast coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the space that contains the mother's blood in the placenta?

    <p>Intervillous space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the syncytiotrophoblast in the placenta?

    <p>To exchange oxygen and metabolites in the intervillous space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the chorionic villi in the placenta?

    <p>To grow from the chorionic plate towards the maternal side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels carry oxygen-poor blood away from the fetus in the placenta?

    <p>Umbilical arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that connects the fetus to the placenta?

    <p>Umbilical cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the amnionic epithelium in the placenta?

    <p>To provide a protective barrier around the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that separates the fetal and maternal sides of the placenta?

    <p>Cytotrophoblast coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the mother's blood come from in the placenta?

    <p>Decidua basalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cytotrophoblast coat in the placenta?

    <p>To anchor the villi to the decidua basalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fetal Development and Placenta

    • The placenta is responsible for the exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother and fetus.
    • The heart begins to contract and push blood through the blood vessels around 3-4 weeks after fertilization.

    Placenta Structure and Function

    • The decidua basalis, the part of the placenta that originates from the endometrium, forms the maternal side of the placenta.
    • The placenta is a flat, disk-shaped organ.
    • The average weight of the placenta is around 500 grams.
    • The average thickness of the placenta is around 2-3 cm.
    • The placenta occupies around 30-40% of the inner surface of the uterus.
    • The placenta plays a crucial role in establishing blood flow in the cardiovascular system by exchanging oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood with waste products from the fetus.

    Blood Flow and Circulation

    • The primitive blood vessels in the cardiovascular system are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between the mother and fetus.
    • The umbilical cord, which is around 50-60 cm in length, connects the fetus to the placenta and allows for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients.

    Amniotic Fluid and Membranes

    • The amnionic fluid is a clear, pale yellow liquid that surrounds the fetus and is composed of 98-99% water, proteins, and other substances.
    • The syncytiotrophoblasts produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
    • The amnion is the innermost membrane that surrounds the fetus and amniotic fluid.
    • Amniotic fluid is exchanged between the fetus and mother through the process of diffusion and active transport.
    • The fetus swallows amniotic fluid, which is then absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted as urine.
    • Oligohydramnios is a condition where there is too little amniotic fluid, while polyhydramnios is a condition where there is too much amniotic fluid.

    Placenta Development and Function

    • The chorionic villi are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between the mother's blood and the fetus.
    • The intervillous space is the area that contains the mother's blood in the placenta.
    • The syncytiotrophoblast is a layer of cells that forms the outermost layer of the chorionic villi and is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients.
    • The cytotrophoblast coat is a layer of cells that covers the chorionic villi and is responsible for the formation of the placenta.
    • The umbilical arteries and veins are responsible for carrying oxygen-poor blood away from the fetus and oxygen-rich blood to the fetus, respectively.

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    Embryology 2-2 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system with this quiz! Learn about the formation of the heart and primitive blood vessels in the embryo. Explore the connection between embryonic and extraembryonic blood vessels.

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