Embryonic Bone Development Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of fontanels in the human skull?

  • To protect the nerves in the skull
  • To allow for the growth of teeth
  • To facilitate the mother during childbirth (correct)
  • To provide support for the brain

What type of tissue are the bones of the trunk and extremities initially made from in the embryo?

  • Cartilage (correct)
  • Bone
  • Adipose
  • Fibrous

Where does growth occur in long bones after birth?

  • At the epiphyseal discs (correct)
  • At the diaphysis
  • At the periosteum
  • At the marrow canal

What happens when the epiphyseal discs close?

<p>Growth in length stops as cartilage is replaced by bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells form the marrow canal in long bones?

<p>Osteoclasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when the embryonic skeleton is gradually replaced by bone?

<p>Ossification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for the production of bone matrix?

<p>Osteoblasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage is ossification of the skull bones usually not complete?

<p>At birth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is required for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine?

<p>Calcium (B), Phosphorus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue initially composes the cranial and facial bones in the embryo?

<p>Fibrous connective tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones?

<p>Calcitonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fontanels in the context of embryonic bone development?

<p>Soft spots of fibrous connective tissue between skull bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Vitamin C in relation to bones?

<p>Necessary for collagen in the bone matrix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone helps maintain a stable bone matrix and promotes closure of the epiphyses of long bones?

<p>Thyroxine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is characterized by a diaphysis made of compact bone and epiphyses made of spongy bone?

<p>Long bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue covers the joint surfaces of bones, providing a smooth moving surface?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the content of the periosteum?

<p>Contains blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone type includes the pelvic bone and cranial bones?

<p>Flat bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature characterizes flat bones?

<p>Composed of spongy bone with a thin layer of compact bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the red bone marrow in the skeletal system?

<p>To produce blood cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is essential for blood clotting that is stored in bones?

<p>Calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure protects the brain from injury?

<p>Skull (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is characterized by the arrangement of osteocytes in haversian systems?

<p>Compact bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the bone matrix primarily made of?

<p>Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Vitamin D

A vitamin essential for bone formation. It helps the body absorb calcium from food.

Calcitonin

A hormone produced in the thyroid gland. It regulates calcium levels in the blood, working with parathyroid hormone.

Parathyroid hormone

A hormone produced in the parathyroid gland. It increases calcium levels in the blood, working with calcitonin.

Growth hormone

A hormone produced in the anterior pituitary gland. It promotes growth by increasing protein synthesis and cell division.

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Estrogen & Testosterone

Hormones that play a role in the closure of the epiphyses of long bones, ending bone growth.

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Fontanels

Flexible areas on a baby's skull that allow the skull to compress during childbirth, and also allow for brain growth.

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Cartilage in bone development

Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is found in many parts of the body, including the skeletal system. It is flexible and strong, and it plays an important role in bone development.

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Diaphysis and epiphysis

The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone, while the epiphyses are the ends of the long bone.

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Epiphyseal plates

Epiphyseal plates are areas of growing cartilage located at the ends of long bones. These plates allow the bones to grow in length until they are fully developed.

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Osteoclasts

Osteoclasts are cells that break down bone tissue. This process is essential for bone remodeling, which is the ongoing process of bone breakdown and rebuild.

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Long bone

A type of bone that is longer than it is wide, consisting of a shaft (diaphysis) made of compact bone and ends (epiphyses) made of spongy bone.

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Short bone

A type of bone that is roughly cube-shaped and made mostly of spongy bone, covered by a thin layer of compact bone.

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Flat bone

A type of bone that is thin and flat, composed of two layers of compact bone with spongy bone in between.

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Irregular bone

A type of bone that has an irregular shape and is made of both compact and spongy bone.

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Hyaline cartilage

A type of cartilage found on the surfaces of bones where they meet to form joints, providing a smooth surface for movement.

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Ossification

The process of replacing other tissues with bone in an embryo.

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Fibrous connective tissue

Soft, fibrous connective tissue that makes up the skull of an embryo.

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Diaphysis

The central shaft of a long bone, responsible for strength.

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Compact bone

A type of bone tissue that is dense and strong, found in the outer layer of most bones, serving as a protective shell.

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Spongy bone

A type of bone tissue that is less dense and has a porous structure, found in the inner layer of most bones, providing flexibility and space for red bone marrow.

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Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix, located within the lacunae of bone tissue.

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Bone matrix

The non-living, extracellular component of bone, composed mainly of calcium salts and collagen fibers.

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Red bone marrow

A soft tissue found within the bones, primarily responsible for the production of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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Study Notes

Nutrients Affecting Bone Growth and Maintenance

  • Vitamin D is necessary for the process of bone formation
  • Vitamin C becomes part of the collagen in bone matrix
  • Calcium becomes part of the salts of bone matrix
  • Phosphorus becomes part of the salts of bone matrix
  • Protein is crucial for bone structure

Hormones Affecting Bone Growth and Maintenance

  • Growth hormone increases protein synthesis and energy production from food
  • Insulin helps maintain a stable bone matrix
  • Calcitonin decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones
  • Thyroxine increases protein synthesis and the rate of mitosis of chondrocytes in cartilage
  • Parathyroid hormone increases the reabsorption of calcium by the small intestine and kidneys
  • Estrogen or testosterone increases energy production from glucose

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Description

Test your knowledge on the crucial aspects of embryonic bone development and the role of various hormones and nutrients in this process. This quiz covers key concepts such as fontanels, ossification, and the types of tissues involved in skeletal development. Perfect for those interested in human anatomy and physiology.

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