25 Questions
What is the role of the septum transversum in the development of the diaphragm?
It separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
What structures are involved in forming the septum that separates the trachea from the esophagus?
Endoderm and mesoderm
What anomalies can arise if there are malformations in the tracheoesophageal septum?
Tracheoesophageal fistulas
Which condition is likely to manifest due to defects in the mesoderm layer during development?
VACTERL syndrome
How does a connection between the esophagus and trachea manifest when the septum doesn't completely form?
Regurgitation after feeding
What role does surfactant play in aiding respiration?
Decreases surface tension in fluids
During which period do primitive alveoli mature?
Alveolar period
What do type II pneumocytes secrete during the terminal sac stage?
Surfactant
What is a possible consequence of insufficient surfactant in premature babies?
Increased risk of breathing problems
Which drug administered to mothers during early labor stimulates lung maturation and surfactant secretion in premature babies?
Corticosteroids
Where does the development of the respiratory tract begin in an embryo?
Nose
What structures give rise to the larynx during embryonic development?
Pharyngeal arches IV and V
Which membrane is found at the cranial end of the foregut during embryonic development?
Oropharyngeal membrane
From which structure does the lower respiratory system develop in an embryo?
Respiratory diverticulum
What causes the embryo to develop its C shape through foldings?
Cranio-caudal foldings
What is the origin of the phrenic nerves that innervate the diaphragm?
Anterior horn of C3-C5
At what level does the septum transversum appear during the 4th week of development?
C1
Why is the diaphragm innervated by nerves from cervical levels even though it's found at thoracic level?
The diaphragm moves from front to back, carrying the nerves with it
What is the final result of the partial separation between thoracic and abdominal cavities by the diaphragm?
Two pericardioperitoneal canals are left
Why does the septum transversum change position as the baby grows?
It starts at cervical level and moves down to thoracic cavity
What separates the pericardial cavity from the pleural cavities during embryonic development?
Pleuropericardial membranes
How are the lungs positioned in relation to the pleural cavities during development?
Lungs are surrounded by the pleural cavities
What happens to the size of the pleural cavities as the lungs expand during development?
They shrink in size
Which structures penetrate the lobes of the left lung during development?
Primary bronchi
What contributes to delimiting the space into which the lungs expand during development?
Pleuropericardial membrane
Test your knowledge on the embryological development of the pharynx and the formation of tracheo-esophageal fistulas. Learn about anomalies that can arise due to malformations in the tracheoesophageal septum.
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