Embryology: Tracheo-Esophageal Fistulas Quiz

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What is the role of the septum transversum in the development of the diaphragm?

It forms the trachea

It assists in breastfeeding

It separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities (correct)

It prevents regurgitation after feeding

What structures are involved in forming the septum that separates the trachea from the esophagus?

Endoderm and mesoderm (correct)

Ectoderm and dermis

Endoderm and ectoderm

Mesoderm and ectoderm

What anomalies can arise if there are malformations in the tracheoesophageal septum?

Clubfoot

Tracheoesophageal fistulas (correct)

Cleft lip

Polydactyly

Which condition is likely to manifest due to defects in the mesoderm layer during development?

VACTERL syndrome (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does a connection between the esophagus and trachea manifest when the septum doesn't completely form?

Regurgitation after feeding (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does surfactant play in aiding respiration?

Decreases surface tension in fluids (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which period do primitive alveoli mature?

Alveolar period (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do type II pneumocytes secrete during the terminal sac stage?

Surfactant (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of insufficient surfactant in premature babies?

Increased risk of breathing problems (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administered to mothers during early labor stimulates lung maturation and surfactant secretion in premature babies?

Corticosteroids (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the development of the respiratory tract begin in an embryo?

Nose (A) Signup and view all the answers

What structures give rise to the larynx during embryonic development?

Pharyngeal arches IV and V (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which membrane is found at the cranial end of the foregut during embryonic development?

Oropharyngeal membrane (D) Signup and view all the answers

From which structure does the lower respiratory system develop in an embryo?

Respiratory diverticulum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the embryo to develop its C shape through foldings?

Cranio-caudal foldings (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the phrenic nerves that innervate the diaphragm?

Anterior horn of C3-C5 (B) Signup and view all the answers

At what level does the septum transversum appear during the 4th week of development?

C1 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the diaphragm innervated by nerves from cervical levels even though it's found at thoracic level?

The diaphragm moves from front to back, carrying the nerves with it (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final result of the partial separation between thoracic and abdominal cavities by the diaphragm?

Two pericardioperitoneal canals are left (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why does the septum transversum change position as the baby grows?

It starts at cervical level and moves down to thoracic cavity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What separates the pericardial cavity from the pleural cavities during embryonic development?

Pleuropericardial membranes (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are the lungs positioned in relation to the pleural cavities during development?

Lungs are surrounded by the pleural cavities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the size of the pleural cavities as the lungs expand during development?

They shrink in size (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structures penetrate the lobes of the left lung during development?

Primary bronchi (A) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to delimiting the space into which the lungs expand during development?

Pleuropericardial membrane (A) Signup and view all the answers