Embryology Quiz on Germ Cells and Development

<p>Diploid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oogonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Before birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of flat folicular epithelial cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>600,000 to 800,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Day 25 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anencephaly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lumbosacral region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decidua basalis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decidua spongiosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chorion frondosum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separates embryo from the uterine lumen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The part of the decidua that lines the rest of the uterine cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chorionic villi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The part of the chorion that forms the placenta due to villi proliferation related to decidua basalis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dizygotic twins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They always share a single placenta. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fertilization of one secondary oocyte by one sperm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 placentas, 2 chorionic sacs, 2 amniotic sacs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain oocytes in an arrested state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetus papyraceus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The longest stage in follicle maturation, characterized by fluid accumulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Twin transfusion syndrome or resorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The entry of the sperm's pronucleus into the oocyte (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To induce the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One viable oocyte and three polar bodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both male and female pronuclei come together and merge to restore the diploid number of chromosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amniotic band constrictions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seizures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tears in the amnion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maternal seizures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monozygotic twins with a shared placenta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epaxial muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abaxial muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amelia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micromelia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fusion of two or more digits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third metacarpal and phalangeal bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process in which oogonia develop into mature oocytes. It begins before birth and involves several mitotic divisions, resulting in a large pool of oogonia.

Specialized cells that are destined to become germ cells. They originate in the epiblast and migrate to the yolk sac, waiting for a signal to activate.

The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells. It occurs in oogonia during the early stages of oogenesis.

A stage in the cell cycle where the cell prepares to divide. During oogenesis, the majority of oogonia enter this stage.

A structure consisting of a primary oocyte surrounded by a layer of flat epithelial cells. These structures are found in the ovary.

The time in a female's life when reproductive organs become functional, usually between ages 8 and 13. It is marked by the onset of menstruation. During puberty, primary oocytes complete their meiotic division and enter the next phase of oogenesis.

A primary oocyte is arrested in prophase I of meiosis until puberty, when hormones stimulate it to continue developing.

Primary oocytes are estimated to number between 600,000 and 800,000 at birth, but many degenerate over time.

Oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI) is a small peptide secreted by follicular cells. It arrests oocyte development at a specific stage.

During childhood, most oocytes undergo atresia - a process of degeneration. Only a small number (~40,000) remain by puberty.

At puberty, each month, 15-20 follicles are selected to mature. Some die, while others enter the antral stage and accumulate fluid.

The mature vesicular follicle (Graafian follicle) is the stage just before ovulation. It lasts about 37 hours.

The oocyte enters meiosis II and arrests in metaphase, approximately 3 hours before ovulation.

Meiosis II is completed only if fertilization occurs. Without fertilization, the oocyte degenerates within 24 hours after ovulation.

At the completion of oogenesis (meiosis II), a mature oocyte and one polar body are produced.

The female pronucleus (23 chromosomes) is present in the definitive oocyte. The male pronucleus (23 chromosomes) enters the oocyte after sperm tail detachment.

The process by which the neural tube, the precursor to the central nervous system, closes. It begins with the formation of the neural plate, which folds inwards and eventually fuses to create the tube.

A birth defect that occurs when the neural tube fails to close completely during pregnancy. This can lead to various conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the body.

A type of neural tube defect where the brain doesn't fully develop. It's characterized by the absence of a portion of the skull and brain.

A neural tube defect where the spinal cord doesn't fully close, causing varying degrees of disability. This can affect the ability to walk, control bladder and bowel function, and other bodily functions.

A temporary organ that develops during pregnancy. It attaches to the mother's uterus and provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus.

The part of the placenta contributed by the mother. It's a portion of the uterine lining where the placenta develops.

The part of the placenta contributed by the developing fetus. It's characterized by finger-like projections that increase the surface area for exchange of nutrients and oxygen.

The layer of the uterus that lines the cavity. It is transformed into the decidua after implantation.

The functional unit of the placenta, formed from the chorionic villi that develop from the chorion frondosum and interact with the decidua basalis.

The part of the chorion that develops into the placenta, containing chorionic villi.

The smooth part of the chorion that doesn't contribute to the placenta.

Twins that result from the fertilization of two separate eggs by two different sperm.

Twins that result from the fertilization of one egg by one sperm, followed by the splitting of the resulting zygote.

The process where a splitting zygote results in two placentas, two chorionic sacs, and two amniotic sacs.

The process where a splitting zygote results in one placenta, two chorionic sacs, and two amniotic sacs.

Condition where one twin dies and is absorbed or mummifies within the uterus.

A condition during pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, caused by reduced blood flow to organs.

A potentially life-threatening complication of preeclampsia where seizures occur due to high blood pressure.

A group of birth defects characterized by missing or malformed limbs, which can be caused by various factors.

Abnormal bands of tissue that can wrap around a fetus during development, leading to limb constrictions or amputations.

A condition that can cause clubfoot and is characterized by multiple joint contractures, usually present at birth.

A condition where identical twins share a placenta and blood vessels connect them, leading to an uneven distribution of blood flow. One twin may receive more blood than the other.

The process of muscles forming from specific regions of the somites during embryonic development.

A birth defect characterized by the complete absence of one or more limbs.

A birth defect characterized by the partial absence of one or more limbs.

A birth defect characterized by abnormally short limbs, with all segments present.

A birth defect characterized by shortened digits (fingers and toes).

A birth defect characterized by fusion of two or more fingers or toes.

A birth defect characterized by the presence of extra fingers or toes.

A birth defect characterized by an abnormal cleft between the second and fourth metacarpal/metatarsal bones and soft tissues, often with missing third metacarpal/metatarsal bones.

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