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Embryology of the Ear and Malformations
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Embryology of the Ear and Malformations

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@LeanSanDiego

Questions and Answers

What is the latest development in the treatment of acoustic neuroma?

  • Cyber-knife (correct)
  • Gamma knife
  • Retro sigmoid approach to CP angle
  • External beam Radiotherapy

    • Which instrument is specifically used in mastoidectomy procedures?

  • Jansen's self-retaining mastoid retractor
  • Myringotome
  • Lempert’s endaural retractor
  • Mollison's mastoid retractor (correct)

    • What is the primary purpose of a myringotomy instrument?

  • Adenoidectomy
  • Myringotomy (correct)
  • Septoplasty
  • Myringoplasty

    • Which of the following instruments is not used during mastoid surgery?

    <p>Lempert's endaural incision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The MacEwen's curette is used in which type of surgery?

    <p>Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument is designed for performing a tonsillectomy?

    <p>Eves' tonsil snare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Tilley's antral burr?

    <p>Used in antral surgeries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which procedure is irrigation not commonly used?

    <p>Take biopsy from the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which structure does the pinna develop?

    <p>1st and 2nd branchial arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a preauricular sinus?

    <p>Improper fusion of auricular tubercle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age are surgeries for congenital malformations of the pinna usually performed?

    <p>5 or 6 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The external auditory canal (EAC) develops from which of the following?

    <p>Invagination of first pharyngeal cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of anomaly is a collaural fistula considered?

    <p>1st branchial cleft anomaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure develops from all three germ layers?

    <p>Tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Eustachian tube is derived from which structure?

    <p>1st pharyngeal pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Malleus and incus are derived from which arch?

    <p>1st arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest paranasal sinus?

    <p>Maxillary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sinus continues to develop until early adulthood?

    <p>Frontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the occipitomental view with an open mouth called?

    <p>Water's view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about choanal atresia is false?

    <p>Epley’s maneuver is used in treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common presentation of bilateral choanal atresia?

    <p>Respiratory obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choanal atresia is associated with which of the following conditions?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 2-year-old child presents with a soft, compressible swelling at the root of the nose. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    <p>Meningoencephalocele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about nasal glioma is false?

    <p>Presents with CSF leak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is not associated with causing saddle nose?

    <p>Acromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rhinophyma is characterized by which type of gland hypertrophy?

    <p>Hypertrophy of sebaceous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the condition described is false?

    <p>It is commonly seen in middle aged women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rodent ulcer is mainly identified as which type of carcinoma?

    <p>Basal cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rhinoscleroma is caused by which organism?

    <p>Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The symptoms of atrophic dry nasal mucosa and extensive crustations indicate which condition?

    <p>Atrophic rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mikulicz cells and Russell bodies are notable findings in which condition?

    <p>Rhinosporidiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Snuffles are primarily associated with which stage of congenital syphilis?

    <p>Early congenital syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about glomus tumors is false?

    <p>They are more common in females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What region does the glomus jugulare tumor invade?

    <p>Mesotympanum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the earliest symptom of a glomus tumor?

    <p>Pulsatile tinnitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pulsatile tinnitus is associated with which condition?

    <p>Glomus jugulare tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which appearance is characteristic of a glomus tumor?

    <p>Rising sun appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brown's sign is associated with which condition?

    <p>Glomus tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A polypoidal mass in the middle ear that bleeds heavily on touch is likely due to?

    <p>Glomus jugulare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not included in the rule of 10 regarding glomus tumors?

    <p>10% malignant transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Embryology of the Ear and Malformations

    • Pinna develops from the 1st and 2nd branchial arch.
    • Preauricular sinus results from improper fusion of the auricular tubercle.
    • Surgeries for congenital malformations of the pinna are typically performed at around 5 or 6 years of age.
    • External Auditory Canal (EAC) develops from invagination of the first pharyngeal cleft.
    • Collaural fistula is classified as a 1st branchial cleft anomaly.
    • Tympanic membrane is the only structure that develops from all three germ layers.
    • Eustachian tube originates from the 1st pharyngeal pouch.
    • Malleus and incus are derived from the 1st arch.
    • Glomus tumors are slow-growing, highly vascular tumors more common in females and typically seen in middle age patients.
    • Glomus jugulare tumor can invade the hypotympanum.
    • Earliest symptom of glomus tumor is pulsatile tinnitus.
    • Pulsatile tinnitus is also associated with Glomus jungulare tumors.
    • "Rising sun" appearance is observed in exostosis.
    • Brown's sign is characteristic of glomus tumors.
    • A polypoidal mass in the middle ear that bleeds easily suggests glomus jugulare tumor.
    • Management of a glomus tumor does not typically include preoperative biopsy.
    • The "rule of 10" regarding glomus tumors includes 10% familial and 10% malignant transformation, but not 10% multicentric.
    • The Phelp sign is used to differentiate Glomus jugulare and tympanicum on CT.
    • The most common cerebellopontine angle tumor is treated surgically.
    • Latest treatment development for acoustic neuroma includes the Cyber-knife technique.

    Instruments Used in Ear Surgery

    • Mollison's mastoid retractor is utilized during mastoidectomy.
    • Myringotomy is performed using a specific type of instrument designed for it.
    • Lempert’s endaural incision is not typically used in mastoid surgery.
    • MacEwen's curette is an instrument specific to mastoid surgery.
    • Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) instrument is not used for submucosal resection or biopsy from the nose.
    • The Ballenger swivel knife is a commonly used tool in ENT procedures.

    Congenital Anomalies of the Nose

    • Choanal atresia can be caused by the persistence of the bucconasal membrane; it presents more commonly unilaterally.
    • Most common presentation of bilateral choanal atresia is respiratory obstruction.
    • Choanal atresia may be associated with colobomas of the eye and heart defects.
    • A soft, compressible swelling at the root of the nose in a child is likely a meningoencephalocele.
    • Nasal gliomas predominantly present extranasally.
    • Saddle nose can occur due to syphilis, leprosy, septal abscess, but not acromegaly.
    • Rhinophyma results from hypertrophy of sebaceous glands, commonly seen in conditions like acne rosacea.
    • Rodent ulcer refers to basal cell carcinoma.
    • Rhinoscleroma is caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis and exhibits characteristic Mikulicz cells and Russell bodies.
    • Atrophic rhinitis is indicated by dry nasal mucosa and crustations.
    • Snuffles are associated with early congenital syphilis.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating development of the ear and its associated malformations in this detailed quiz. Dive into the origins of structures like the pinna, tympanic membrane, and more. Test your knowledge on congenital anomalies and their surgical interventions.

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