Embryology of the Ear and Pharyngeal Structures

<p>Hyoid bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8th month of fetal life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saccule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surrounding tissue of the tympanic cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle ear cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stapes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ossicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To dampen loud sounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinna - Tympanic membrane - Ossicles - Cochlea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semicircular canals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cochlea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To equalize pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple squamous epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a passage for air to flow between the middle ear and the external environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oval window (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tympanic membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect the inner ear from damage due to loud noises (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A set of chambers filled with fluid that contain the membranous labyrinth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Otic vesicle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cochlear duct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow fluid movement within the inner ear, cushioning the effects of sound vibrations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane and vibrates with it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By the position on the basilar membrane where hair cells are most stimulated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 to 2000 cycles per second (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By the amplitude of vibration of the basilar membrane and the number of hair cells stimulated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They amplify the vibration of the basilar membrane at high sound intensities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher amplitude vibrations lead to higher frequencies of nerve impulses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It accounts for the non-linear relationship between sound energy and perceived loudness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Position on the basilar membrane where hair cells are most stimulated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps the auditory system to determine the loudness of a sound. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It vibrates at different positions along its length depending on the frequency of the incoming sound. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They receive nerve impulses from the cochlea and transmit them to the brain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They connect cilia to allow for ionic influx when bent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endolymph bathing the hair cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By responding to variations in sound intensity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They experience a constant ionic imbalance maintained by active transport. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The opening of cation channels due to bending of the cilia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The air-filled cavity containing ossicles that transmit sound to the inner ear.

Small bones in the middle ear: malleus, incus, and stapes, that amplify sound vibrations.

The hammer-shaped ossicle that is connected to the tympanic membrane.

The anvil-shaped ossicle that sits between malleus and stapes in the middle ear.

The stirrup-shaped ossicle that is the smallest bone in the body, transmitting sound to the inner ear.

Fluid-filled structure that includes the cochlea and semicircular canals for hearing and balance.

A spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear responsible for converting sound waves into signals.

Ectodermal structure that develops into the inner ear structures like the cochlea and vestibular system.

Embryonic structures that give rise to components of the ear, including ossicles and muscles.

Failure to canalise leading to atresia or stenosis.

Developed from the endoderm of the 1st pharyngeal pouch.

Narrow proximal portion of the primitive tympanic cavity.

Primitive duct formed from the tubular outgrowth of the saccule.

Gives rise to utricle, endolymphatic duct, and semicircular canals.

A type of epithelium lining the auditory tube, consisting of ciliated cells in a layered appearance.

A membrane-covered opening in the middle ear that transmits sound vibrations to the inner ear.

Also known as the eardrum, it vibrates in response to sound and is connected to the oval window.

Three tiny bones in the middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes) that transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear.

Connected sacs in the inner ear that play roles in balance and spatial orientation.

An intricate structure within the temporal bone housing the membranous labyrinth, major component of the inner ear.

A logarithmic scale used to express changes in sound intensity.

A mechanoreceptor in the auditory and vestibular systems that detects mechanical stimuli.

Fluid in the inner ear that surrounds hair cells, rich in potassium.

Tiny hair-like structures on hair cells that play a role in mechanotransduction.

String-like connections between cilia that open ion channels when cilia are bent.

Method used by the nervous system to determine sound frequency by the stimulated position on the basilar membrane.

Part of the brain where nerve impulses from the cochlea are relayed for sound frequency discrimination.

Proposes that low-frequency sounds are detected by synchronized volleys of nerve impulses.

Loudness is determined by the amplitude of vibration and stimulation of hair cells in the cochlea.

The phenomenon where increased stimulation of hair cells leads to more nerve fibers transmitting impulses.

Hair cells that become active when the basilar membrane's vibration reaches high intensity, signaling loud sounds.

A membrane in the cochlea that vibrates in response to sound, allowing frequency detection.

Sound intensity is measured in decibels (dB), a logarithmic scale of intensity changes.

1 decibel represents an increase in sound energy of 1.26 times and is derived from the bel scale.

Sound frequencies below 200 cycles per second are detected by specific areas of the basilar membrane.