Embryology: Branchial Arches Formation

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What is the anatomical structure that forms in the pharyngeal wall as a result of proliferating lateral plate mesoderm and reinforcement by migrating neural crest cells?

Branchial arches

What separates the branchial arches externally?

Branchial grooves

What are the corresponding small depressions on the inner aspect of the pharyngeal wall called?

Pharyngeal pouches

What covers the inner aspect of every branchial arch?

Endoderm Signup and view all the answers

What type of mesenchyme condenses to form a bar of cartilage in the branchial arches?

Ectomesenchyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the cartilage of the first arch called?

Meckel's cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the first arch?

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve that provide sensory supply to the skin of the face?

Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the muscles derived from the cartilage of the second arch?

Facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What structures are formed by the cartilage of the third pharyngeal arch?

Lower part of the body and greater horn of the hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscles?

Glossopharyngeal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the fourth arch?

Superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus Signup and view all the answers

Which pharyngeal pouches develop as evaginations from the lateral walls lining the pharynx?

Four well-defined pairs Signup and view all the answers

What structures are derived from the first pharyngeal pouches?

Auditory tubes Signup and view all the answers

What tissue is derived from the lining of the second pharyngeal pouches?

Palatine tonsillar tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which glands appear to be derived from the lining of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches?

Thymus gland and parathyroid glands Signup and view all the answers

What nerve innervates the muscles and skeleton derived from Pharyngeal Arch 1?

Mandibular nerve Signup and view all the answers

What are the two components that form the upper lip?

Maxillary processes and medial nasal process Signup and view all the answers

How is the lower lip formed?

By merging of the two streams of ectomesenchyme of the mandibular processes Signup and view all the answers

What structures are formed by the merging of the two medial nasal processes?

Maxilla carrying the incisor teeth, primary palate, and part of the lip Signup and view all the answers

When does the formation of the secondary palate commence and complete?

Between 7 and 8 weeks; around the third month of pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What are the three outgrowths that appear in the oral cavity during development?

Nasal septum, two palatine shelves, or processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Meckel’s cartilage and the developing mandible in human beings?

Meckel’s cartilage has a close positional relationship but makes no contribution to the mandible Signup and view all the answers

What are the two branches into which the mandibular nerve divides at this point?

Lingual and inferior alveolar branches Signup and view all the answers

During which week of development does intramembranous ossification begin in the condensation lateral to the cartilage?

7th week Signup and view all the answers

What are the three secondary cartilages involved in the further growth of the mandible until birth?

Condylar, coronoid, and symphyseal cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method by which the rudimentary mandible is formed until 10 weeks of development?

Intramembranous ossification Signup and view all the answers

Where does the maxilla form a center of ossification during development?

Mesenchyme of maxillary process of the first arch Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the two branches that the inferior alveolar nerve further divides into anteriorly?

Incisor and mental branches Signup and view all the answers