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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of synchronizing donor and recipient animals in the embryo transfer process?
What is the purpose of synchronizing donor and recipient animals in the embryo transfer process?
- To speed up the embryo collection process
- To increase the chances of natural fertilization
- To reduce the number of eggs released by the donor
- To ensure both animals are at the same phase of their estrous cycle (correct)
How does superovulation in donor animals differ from the natural ovulation process?
How does superovulation in donor animals differ from the natural ovulation process?
- It prevents any egg release
- It reduces the size of the eggs released
- It causes the release of multiple eggs (correct)
- It decreases hormone production in the ovaries
What hormone is injected to induce superovulation in donor animals?
What hormone is injected to induce superovulation in donor animals?
- FSH (correct)
- LH
- Estrogen
- GnRH
What is the purpose of injecting GnRH or LH into the female after follicle development?
What is the purpose of injecting GnRH or LH into the female after follicle development?
What method is used today for collecting embryos in modern embryo transfer procedures?
What method is used today for collecting embryos in modern embryo transfer procedures?
Why were embryos initially collected surgically in the early days of embryo transfer?
Why were embryos initially collected surgically in the early days of embryo transfer?
What is the key factor considered when selecting donor cows for embryo transfer?
What is the key factor considered when selecting donor cows for embryo transfer?
Why are recipient cows carefully selected for embryo transfer?
Why are recipient cows carefully selected for embryo transfer?
What type of animals are recipient cows usually selected as for embryo transfer?
What type of animals are recipient cows usually selected as for embryo transfer?
How do producers select embryos for purchase for embryo transfer?
How do producers select embryos for purchase for embryo transfer?
What is one reason why producers may purchase frozen embryos for transfer?
What is one reason why producers may purchase frozen embryos for transfer?
Why are donor cows too valuable to produce offspring only once a year?
Why are donor cows too valuable to produce offspring only once a year?
What is the purpose of administering an injection of prostaglandin after embryo collection?
What is the purpose of administering an injection of prostaglandin after embryo collection?
How often can the embryo collection procedure be repeated in cows?
How often can the embryo collection procedure be repeated in cows?
What is the purpose of examining the collected embryos under a microscope?
What is the purpose of examining the collected embryos under a microscope?
What must be done to ensure successful embryo transfer?
What must be done to ensure successful embryo transfer?
In what stage is the recipient cow made to come into estrus before embryo transfer?
In what stage is the recipient cow made to come into estrus before embryo transfer?
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Study Notes
Synchronization of Donor and Recipient Animals
- Donor and recipient animals must be synchronized to ensure they are at the same phase of their estrous cycle for proper embryo transfer.
- This synchronization is achieved using specific procedures.
Superovulation
- Donor animals undergo superovulation to release several eggs instead of just one.
- Superovulation is achieved by injecting the donor with FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone).
- FSH causes the ovaries to produce several follicles instead of one.
- Eggs develop and mature within these follicles.
Embryo Collection and Flushing
- Two to three days after superovulation, the donor is injected with GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone) or LH (Luteinizing Hormone) to cause estrus.
- 48 hours later, the female is in estrus, and artificial insemination or natural breeding occurs.
- Fertilized eggs (embryos) are allowed to grow for about a week and are then collected through a process called flushing.
- Flushing is a non-surgical method of embryo collection, replacing the earlier surgical method that caused scarring in the reproductive tract.
Donor and Recipient Cows
- Donor cows are selected for their high value as breeding animals, possessing desirable characteristics such as high milking ability, growth rate, or reproductive capacity.
- Donor cows are too valuable to produce only one offspring per year.
- Recipient cows are selected for their ability to reproduce efficiently and maintain a healthy pregnancy.
Embryo Transfer Process
- The embryo transfer process begins with the selection of donor and recipient cows.
- Embryos may be collected from the donor cow and transferred directly to a recipient female or frozen for later implantation.
- The recipient cow is made to come into estrus using a feed additive containing progesterone.
- The embryo is placed in the uterus of the recipient cow, and the pregnancy is allowed to progress normally.
Important Considerations
- The embryo transfer process must be performed carefully to ensure cleanliness and prevent infection in the recipient cow's uterus.
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