Embriología del Sistema Circulatorio
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Questions and Answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes estructuras se origina del tronco arterioso?

  • Ventrículo derecho
  • Tronco de la arteria pulmonar (correct)
  • Seno venoso
  • Aurícula izquierda

¿Qué forma el ventrículo primitivo principalmente?

  • El ventrículo izquierdo (correct)
  • La aurícula derecha
  • El tronco pulmonar
  • El ventrículo derecho

¿Cuál es la función de la región del bulbo cordis?

  • Formar el infundíbulo del ventrículo derecho (correct)
  • Conectar las aurículas con los ventrículos
  • Generar el conducto arterioso
  • Formar el seno venoso

¿De dónde se origina la aorta descendente?

<p>Segmento caudal de la aorta dorsal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué estructura forma el aurícula primitiva?

<p>Las aurículas derecha e izquierda (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué arterias se forman a partir del 1er arco aórtico?

<p>Arterias maxilares (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes afirmaciones es correcta sobre el 4to arco aórtico?

<p>El lado derecho contribuye a la arteria subclavia derecha. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿De qué se deriva el conducto arterioso?

<p>Del segmento distal del 6to arco aórtico (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué estructura no se forma a partir de los arcos aórticos?

<p>Arteria subclavia izquierda (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué arco aórtico da origen a la arteria carótida común primitiva?

<p>3er arco aórtico (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es la función principal del conducto venoso en el sistema circulatorio embrionario?

<p>Conectar la vena umbilical directamente con la vena cava inferior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué estructura del corazón se relaciona directamente con el foramen oval?

<p>Aurícula derecha (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué tipo de sangre es transportada a través de la vena umbilical?

<p>Sangre rica en oxígeno (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes estructuras no está involucrada en el flujo de sangre en el sistema circulatorio embrionario?

<p>Vena cava superior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué ocurre con el conducto venoso después del nacimiento?

<p>Se transforma en el ligamento venoso (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué porción del septo interventricular es más pequeña?

<p>Porción membranosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es la función principal del septo aortopulmonar?

<p>Dividir el tronco arterioso en dos vasos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿De qué componente se deriva la porción muscular del septo interventricular?

<p>Mesodermo esplanócico (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué estructura se forma por la fusión de las crestas truncales?

<p>Septo aortopulmonar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es el origen de las válvulas semilunares?

<p>Cresta neural (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es el primer centro hematopoyético que se desarrolla durante el embarazo?

<p>Saco vitelino (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes estructuras NO se forma a partir del mesodermo esplácnico?

<p>Médula ósea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es el gen maestro implicado en el desarrollo del corazón?

<p>NKX2-5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

En qué momento comienza la circulación intraembrionaria del embrión?

<p>Después de la tercera semana (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué parte del corazón es responsable de la formación del seno venoso?

<p>Campo cardiogénico primario (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es la función principal del campo cardiogénico secundario?

<p>Formar el tracto de salida del corazón (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué estructura se forma a partir de la fusión de los centros cardiogénicos primario y secundario?

<p>Tubo cardíaco endotelial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es la estructura que transporta sangre oxigenada desde la placenta al seno venoso?

<p>Vena umbilical (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes estructuras ocupa la posición más craneal en el tubo cardíaco endotelial?

<p>Tronco arterioso (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué estructura se encuentra entre el endocardio y el miocardio en el corazón en desarrollo?

<p>Gelatina cardíaca (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué ocurre con el mesocardio dorsal durante el plegamiento del tubo cardíaco?

<p>Desaparece por apoptosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué parte del corazón se forma a partir de las células mesoteliales del órgano proepicárdico?

<p>Epicardio (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cómo contribuyen los pliegues del embrión en el desarrollo del corazón?

<p>Ayudan a colocar los tubos cardíacos en su posición definitiva (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿De qué elementos se forman los cojines endocárdicos?

<p>Mesénquima, gelatina cardíaca y cresta neural (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Durante el desarrollo del corazón, ¿hacia dónde se mueve el bulbo cordis?

<p>Hacia la derecha y ventralmente (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es la característica notable de la convexidad del lazo cardíaco durante su formación?

<p>Es hacia la izquierda (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es la función del septum primum en el desarrollo cardíaco?

<p>Formar la válvula del foramen oval (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Dónde se localiza el foramen primum?

<p>En el borde inferior del septum primum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es la principal diferencia entre el septum primum y el septum secundum?

<p>El septum primum es más delgado que el septum secundum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué proceso es necesario para la formación del foramen secundum?

<p>Apoptosis de la parte superior del septum primum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Umbilical Vein

Carries oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus.

Venous Duct Function

Shunts blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver.

Venous Duct Location

Located in the liver.

Foramen Ovale

Fetal heart structure allowing blood to bypass the lungs.

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Ductus Arteriosus

Fetal structure allowing blood to bypass the lungs.

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Umbilical Arteries

Carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.

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Inferior Vena Cava

Major vein carrying blood from the lower body to the heart.

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Ascending Aorta

Part of the aorta, carrying oxygenated blood to the upper body.

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Pulmonary Artery

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

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Pulmonary Vein

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

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Oxygen Concentration Gradient

Oxygen concentration decreases as blood flows from the senous venosus to the truncus arteriosus.

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Seno venosus

Region of the embryonic heart with highest initial oxygen concentration

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Truncus Arteriosus

Most anterior part of the cardiac tube; gives rise to pulmonary artery & ascending aorta.

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Bulbus Cordis

Forms part of the ventricles (especially the left) and arterial vestibule.

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Primitive Ventricle

Forms the primary structure for the ventricles—mostly the left ventricle.

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Primitive Atrium

Forms both right and left atria (the heart's receiving chambers).

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Interventricular Septum

The wall separating the two ventricles of the heart, formed by the fusion of septum primum and septum secundum

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Membranous Portion (IV septum)

Small part of the IV septum, derived from endocardial cushions and bulbar ridges.

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Muscular Portion (IV septum)

Larger part of the IV septum, the larger portion derived from splanchnic mesoderm.

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Aortopulmonary Septum

Structure dividing the truncus arteriosus into pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta

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Semilunar Valves

Valves separating the aorta and pulmonary artery from their heart chambers.

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Aortic Arches

Blood vessels originating from the aortic sac, connecting to the dorsal aorta.

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1st Aortic Arch

Forms the Maxillary arteries.

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2nd Aortic Arch

Forms the Hyoid and stapedial arteries

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3rd Aortic Arch

Forms the primitive common carotid artery.

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4th Aortic Arch (Right)

Forms the right subclavian artery

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4th Aortic Arch (Left)

Part of the aorta arch.

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Right Subclavian Artery

A major artery formed from three components: dorsal aorta, 7th intersegmental artery, and the 4th aortic arch.

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Left Subclavian Artery

Forms from the 7th intersegmental artery exclusively, not involving aortic arches.

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6th Aortic Arch (Right/Left)

Forms the right and left pulmonary arteries, and the ductus arteriosus respectively in its distal segment.

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Endocardial Cushions

Structures formed from mesenchyme, cardiac jelly, and neural crest. Crucial for forming the atrioventricular valves and the membranous part of the interventricular septum.

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Septum primum

Thin wall forming in the primitive atrium, initially contacting the left atrium. Features foramen primum and secundum.

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Foramen primum

Opening in the septum primum, closing as it fuses with others.

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Foramen secundum

Opening in the septum primum, created by apoptosis.

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Septum secundum

Thick wall forming to the right of the septum primum. Contains the foramen ovale.

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Foramen ovale

Opening in the septum secundum allowing blood from right to left atrium before birth.

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Hematopoiesis in Embryo

Early development of blood cells in the embryo, beginning with simple diffusion for nutrition and the formation of blood islands in the yolk sac.

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Yolk Sac Hematopoiesis

The first site of blood cell formation in the embryo, occurring in the yolk sac mesoderm during weeks 3-6.

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Heart Development Origin

The heart develops from mesoderm (splacnnic), pharyngeal mesoderm, and neural crest cells.

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Primary Cardiogenic Field

The initial area in the embryo that forms the heart's muscular and inner layers.

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NKX2-5 Gene

Master gene crucial for heart development.

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Primitive Ventricle

Early structure that will develop into the ventricles of the heart.

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Primitive Atrium

Early structure that develops into the atria of the heart.

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Liver Fetal Hematopoiesis

Blood cell production in the fetal liver, happening after the yolk sac.

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Extraembryonic Circulation

Blood circulation outside the embryo.

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Cardiogenic Mesoderm

The specific type of mesoderm that gives rise to the heart's structures.

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Hematopietic Centers

Different organs that contribute to blood cell production in the embryo and later in life. (Yolk Sac, Liver, Spleen, Bone Marrow)

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Circulation in Embryo

First, the embryo has temporary circulation outside of its body, then later inside its body, that helps nutrients reach the embryo.

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Secondary Cardiogenic Field

Part of the heart development that forms the heart's outflow tract (truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, and aortic sac).

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Endocardial Heart Tubes

The structures formed from the fusion of the primary and secondary cardiogenic fields, forming the initial heart tube.

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Cardiac Jelly

Connective tissue found between the endocardium and myocardium of the developing heart.

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Heart Tube Positioning

The process by which the endocardial heart tubes move to their final position in the chest during embryonic folding (cephalic & lateral folds).

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Truncus Arteriosus

Cranial part of the developing heart tube that gives rise to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.

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Bulbus Cordis

Portion of the developing heart tube that forms parts of both ventricles & arterial vestibule.

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Aortic Sac

Portion of the developing heart tube, a dilatation that gives rise to the aortic arches.

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Seno Venosus Horns

The sino venosus divides into a right horn (part of the right atrium) and a left horn (forming the coronary sinus).

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Seno Venosus Inputs

The sino venosus receives blood from the vena vitellina, umbilical vein (highest oxygen), and common cardinal vein (deoxygenated).

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Epicardium origin

The epicardium (visceral pericardium) develops from the proepicardial organ, which are mesothelial cells.

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Cardiac Tube Folding - Dorsal Mesocardium

During cardiac tube folding, the dorsal mesocardium disappears (breaks down).

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Cardiac Tube Folding - Bulbus Cordis Movement

The bulbus cordis moves to the right and ventral region during cardiac tube folding.

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Cardiac Loop Convexity

The cardiac loop forms a convexity that faces left.

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Cardiac Tube Folding - Ventricle Movement

The primitive ventricle moves to the left during cardiac tube folding.

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Cardiac Tube Folding - Atrium Location

The atrium is located dorsally and cranially during cardiac tube folding.

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Study Notes

Flujo Sanguíneo Embrionario

  • El flujo sanguíneo embrionario inicia con una mayor concentración de oxígeno y disminuye a medida que procede.
  • Vena umbilical: Es una de las estructuras con mayor concentración de oxígeno.
  • Conducto venoso: Se origina en el hígado, permite que la sangre proveniente de la vena umbilical pase directamente a la vena cava inferior. Luego, se transforma en el ligamento venoso.
  • Vena cava inferior: Recibe sangre de las venas umbilicales.
  • Aurícula derecha: Recibe sangre de la vena cava inferior.
  • Foramen oval: Permite el paso de sangre desde la aurícula derecha a la aurícula izquierda
  • Aurícula izquierda: Recibe sangre.
  • Ventrículo izquierdo: Bombea sangre.
  • Aorta ascendente: Se deriva del segmento caudal de la aorta dorsal.
  • Arteria pulmonar: Se forman en el tronco arterioso.
  • Conducto arterioso: Permite el paso de sangre de la aorta ascendente a la arteria pulmonar, luego se transforma en el ligamento arterioso.
  • Arteria descendente: Se deriva del segmento caudal de la aorta dorsal.
  • Arterias umbilicales: Transportan sangre de regreso a la placenta.

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Description

Este cuestionario explora las estructuras y funciones relacionadas con el sistema circulatorio embrionario. Se aborda la formación de arcos aórticos, estructuras cardíacas y el flujo sanguíneo en esta etapa del desarrollo. Ideal para estudiantes de embriología o medicina que deseen profundizar en estos temas.

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