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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a common presenting sign in pleural space disease?
Which of the following is a common presenting sign in pleural space disease?
What is the potential space that exists between the pleura of the lungs and the pleura of the chest wall called?
What is the potential space that exists between the pleura of the lungs and the pleura of the chest wall called?
What can accumulation of air, fluid, or soft tissue within the pleural space lead to?
What can accumulation of air, fluid, or soft tissue within the pleural space lead to?
What is the most important physical finding with patients experiencing pleural space disease?
What is the most important physical finding with patients experiencing pleural space disease?
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Which of the following can interfere with the ability to expel carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen in the alveoli, leading to dyspnoea?
Which of the following can interfere with the ability to expel carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen in the alveoli, leading to dyspnoea?
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Which of the following can be a cause of interference in the process of gas exchange in the alveoli?
Which of the following can be a cause of interference in the process of gas exchange in the alveoli?
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What are some common disorders associated with lung parenchymal disease?
What are some common disorders associated with lung parenchymal disease?
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What are some common presenting signs in patients with lung parenchymal disease?
What are some common presenting signs in patients with lung parenchymal disease?
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What should be done during the examination to rule out congestive heart disease in patients with lung parenchymal disease?
What should be done during the examination to rule out congestive heart disease in patients with lung parenchymal disease?
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what does inspiratory effort (with or without stridor) indicate?
what does inspiratory effort (with or without stridor) indicate?
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what portion of the lung is involved with lung paranchyma?
what portion of the lung is involved with lung paranchyma?
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what does wheezes on inspiration indicate
what does wheezes on inspiration indicate
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what does increased expiratory effort indicate
what does increased expiratory effort indicate
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what does wheezes on expiration indicate
what does wheezes on expiration indicate
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which of the following is upper airway disease
which of the following is upper airway disease
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a common lower airway disorder
a common lower airway disorder
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what is polmunary oedema classified as
what is polmunary oedema classified as
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what is pneumothorax classified as
what is pneumothorax classified as
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what does dull or diminished lung and heart sound indicate:
what does dull or diminished lung and heart sound indicate:
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lower airway disease refers to problems with
lower airway disease refers to problems with
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what does low PH and low HC03 indicate
what does low PH and low HC03 indicate
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what does a low PH, high Paco2 and high HC03 indicate
what does a low PH, high Paco2 and high HC03 indicate
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what does high PH and low PaC02 indicate?
what does high PH and low PaC02 indicate?
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what can hyperventilation cause?
what can hyperventilation cause?
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what can hypoventilation cause
what can hypoventilation cause
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common cause of metabolic alkalosis
common cause of metabolic alkalosis
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what s a common cause for metabolic acidosis?
what s a common cause for metabolic acidosis?
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what can cushing disease cause
what can cushing disease cause
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what does low PH, low HC03 and low PaCo2 indicate?
what does low PH, low HC03 and low PaCo2 indicate?
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low PH, high HC03 and high PaC02 indicate
low PH, high HC03 and high PaC02 indicate
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what does Pa02 represents
what does Pa02 represents
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if a patient is on 02, which equation will you use to assess oxygenation and ventilation
if a patient is on 02, which equation will you use to assess oxygenation and ventilation
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what is Fi02
what is Fi02
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Study Notes
Pleural Space Disease
- Common presenting sign includes dyspnoea (shortness of breath).
- Potential space between pleura of lungs and chest wall is called the pleural cavity.
- Accumulation of air (pneumothorax), fluid (pleural effusion), or soft tissue can lead to impaired lung function.
- Key physical finding in pleural space disease patients is dullness to percussion and decreased breath sounds.
Gas Exchange and Alveoli
- Conditions that obstruct airways can interfere with CO2 expulsion and O2 absorption, leading to dyspnoea.
- Causes of gas exchange interference include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia, and pulmonary edema.
Lung Parenchymal Disease
- Common disorders associated with lung parenchymal disease include pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.
- Presenting signs in lung parenchymal disease can include cough, sputum production, and hypoxemia.
- Examination should include heart sounds and signs of congestion to rule out congestive heart failure.
Inspiratory and Expiratory Efforts
- Inspiratory effort, with or without stridor, indicates potential upper airway obstruction.
- Lung parenchyma primarily involves areas in the alveoli and lung interstitium.
- Wheezing on inspiration may indicate bronchospasm or obstruction in larger airways.
- Increased expiratory effort typically indicates airway resistance or obstruction.
- Wheezing on expiration can signal conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Classification of Disorders
- Upper airway disease includes conditions such as laryngitis and epiglottitis.
- A common lower airway disorder is asthma.
- Pulmonary edema is classified as a restrictive lung disease.
- Pneumothorax is classified as a ventilatory problem leading to shrinking of the lung.
Clinical Indicators
- Dull or diminished lung and heart sounds suggest fluid presence or lung collapse.
- Lower airway disease refers to problems affecting the bronchi and bronchioles.
Acid-Base Balance
- Low pH and low HCO3 indicate metabolic acidosis.
- Low pH, high PaCO2, and high HCO3 suggest respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation.
- High pH and low PaCO2 indicate respiratory alkalosis, commonly seen in hyperventilation.
- Hyperventilation can lead to respiratory alkalosis.
- Hypoventilation can result in respiratory acidosis.
Metabolic Disorders
- Common cause of metabolic alkalosis includes prolonged vomiting.
- A common cause of metabolic acidosis is diabetic ketoacidosis or renal failure.
- Cushing disease can lead to secondary metabolic changes, including hypokalemia.
Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)
- Low pH, low HCO3, and low PaCO2 indicate a mixed acid-base disorder.
- Low pH, high HCO3, and high PaCO2 suggest chronic respiratory failure with metabolic compensation.
- PaO2 represents partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.
- Fick's equation assesses oxygenation and ventilation for patients on supplemental O2.
- FiO2 indicates the fraction of inspired oxygen, critical for evaluating oxygen supplementation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on pleural space pathologies and their impact on respiratory function. Learn about the physical findings and common signs associated with pleural space accumulation.
